法国第三共和国前期公立小学宗教中立原则

Religious Neutrality in Public School at the Start of the Third Republic

法兰西第三共和国前期确立的公立小学宗教中立原则是反教权主义的重要组成部分。宗教中立的原则围绕对"上帝"含义和地位的重新阐释得以从政治和哲学两个层面落实,体现在教科书的编撰和教师角色的转变中。用爱国主义价值观取代"上帝",为共和价值观的传播提供了契机;对道德与"上帝"关系的重新阐释为世俗化的道德提供了理论基础,动摇了根深蒂固的宗教根基。以公立学校为突破口进行的改革有力地推进了法国社会的世俗化。

Religious neutrality in public school at the start of the Third Republic is an important aspect of anticlericalism.Centered around the reinterpretation of the meaning and status of God in both politics and philosophy,this principle manifests itself in new textbooks and the new role of teachers.The substitution of patriotism for God constitutes an opportunity to propagate republican values,while the reinterpretation of the relations between morality and God lays a theoretical basis for secular morality and saps the deep-rooted religious foundation in French society.Reform starting with the public school contributes greatly to the secularization of society.