大数据在重大流行病疫情防控中的应用及展望

Application and Prospect of Big-data in Prevention and Control of Major Epidemics

重大流行病疫情都具备范围广、跨区域、全社会、全球性等重要特征,流行病疫情的全要素、全过程管理可以充分发挥现代大数据数字技术功能。以新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情的全生命周期管理为例,论述了大数据在支持临床诊疗持续改进、支持病毒溯源与分析、支撑流行病学调查与诊断、精准监测和研判疫情、有效排查疫情、远程医疗诊疗、准确预警疫情等疫情防控全过程中的应用,提出了大数据助力疫情期形势综合研判、构建适应于国家到社区“六级”联防控体管理决策系统、疫情期间科学化和精准化社会治理、AI智能创新医疗产品、智慧医疗行业和疫情后期社会经济恢复与发展方面的创新和应用,分析大数据在重大疫情防控应用方面存在的数据准确性、数据割裂、数据公开与隐私保护不足等问题。

All major pandemic diseases and epidemics have important characteristics such as a wide scope,cross-region,on a social and global scale.The control of pandemic diseases and epidemics in line with full factors and whole process needs to give full play to the function of modern digital technology of big data.Taking the full life cycle management of Novel Coronavirus Pneumonia(NCP)outbreak from beginning to the end of pandemic as a case,this paper discusses the application of big data in the whole process of epidemic prevention and control,such as supporting continuous improvement of clinical diagnosis and treatment,supporting virus tracing and analysis,supporting epidemiological investigation and diagnosis,accurate monitoring and judgment of epidemic situation,effective screening of epidemic situation,telemedicine diagnosis and treatment,accurate early warning of epidemic situation.It proposes the innovation and application of big data such as the comprehensive study and judgment of the situation,the building of a“six level”joint prevention and control system from the state to the community,scientific and precise social governance during the epidemic period,AI intelligent innovative medical products,intelligent medical industry and the socio-economic recovery and development in the post-epidemic period.The problems of data accuracy,data segmentation,data disclosure and insufficient privacy protection in the application of big data in the prevention and control of major epidemic diseases are pointed out.