包头市某稀土钐冶炼厂职业性有害因素风险评估

Risk Assessment of Occupational Harmful Factors of Rare Earth Samarium Smelting in Baotou City

识别稀土钐冶炼厂存在的职业性有害因素,评价其浓度、强度,提出职业性有害因素防护建议,为稀土钐冶炼职业病预防、氧化钐安全性评价提供科学依据。通过现场职业卫生调查,该厂主要职业性有害因素为稀土粉尘、氧化钐、氧化镧、噪声、工频电场等。采集作业场所空气中粉尘、氧化钐、氧化镧样品,实验室检测空气中总尘浓度及氧化钐、氧化镧浓度,检测现场噪声强度、工频电场强度。打磨车间的总粉尘浓度为9.33 mg/m^3,原料车间的总粉尘浓度为14.84 mg/m^3,均超过了我国稀土粉尘职业接触限值,粉尘检测不合格率为66.67%;打磨车间的噪声强度为90 dB(A),超过了我国噪声职业接触限值,噪声检测合格率为66.67%。生产车间、原料车间氧化钐、氧化镧的风险等级均为极高风险;打磨车间氧化钐的风险等级为极高风险,氧化镧的风险等级为高风险。粉尘、噪声、氧化钐是稀土钐冶炼厂的职业性有害因素防治的重点,应加强防护。

The purpose of this paper is to identify the occupational harmful factors in rare earth samarium smelting,evaluate their intensity,propose protective suggestions on occupational disease prevention,and provide scientific basis for the safety evaluation of samarium oxide.Field investigation and detection of occupational health hazards were conducted.Dust,samarium oxide and lanthanum oxide samples in the air of workplace were collected.The noise intensity and power frequency electric field intensity at the workplace were detected.The total dust concentration in the air and the concentrations of samarium oxide and lanthanum oxide were measured in the laboratory.The main occupational harmful factors of this plant are rare earth dust,samarium oxide,lanthanum oxide,noise,power frequency electric field and so on.The dust concentrations in the polishing workshop was 9.33 mg/m^3 and the raw materials workshop was 14.84 mg/m^3,both exceeding the national occupational health regulations.The noise intensity in the polishing workshop was 90 dB(A),exceeding the national occupational health regulations.Noise,dust and samarium oxide are critical controlling points of occupational hazards.