海上丝绸之路与明清以来福厦城市格局变迁

The Maritime Silk Road and the Changes in Urban Patterns between Fuzhou and Xiamen since the Ming and Qing Dynasties

明清以来,海上丝绸之路是推动福州、厦门城市发展的主要推动力。尤其是厦门,凭借着优越地理位置,逐渐取代漳州月港,成为闽南的区域中心。近代开埠后,厦门得益于东南亚贸易及侨商的支持,发展迅速,其行政区划级别不断提升。20世纪30年代,福州、厦门同时获批建市,但在实施过程中,福州较为曲折,折射两市地位的沉浮。中华人民共和国成立后,受台海局势、对外联系减弱等因素影响,福州、厦门均发展缓慢,厦门更一度被内陆城市赶超,中共十一届三中全会后,两市凭借沿海优势,成为对外开放的前沿,尤其是厦门,不仅成为首批经济特区,更成为计划单列市,福州在侨台优势未如厦门明显,未能成为副省级城市,其影响力受限。与海外贸易联系、侨商优势的发挥、城市功能的定位是决定福州、厦门城市格局变迁的主要因素。

Since the Ming and Qing Dynasties, the Maritime Silk Road has been the main driving force for the development of cities in Fuzhou and Xiamen. Especially Xiamen, with its superior geographical location, gradually replaced Yuegang and became the regional center of southern Fujian. After opening the port in modern times, Xiamen had benefited from the support of Southeast Asian trade and overseas Chinese businessmen. It had developed rapidly and its administrative division level has been continuously improved. In the 1930 s, Fuzhou and Xiamen were both approved to establish cities, but in the process of implementation, Fuzhou was more tortuous, reflecting the ups and downs of the two cities. After the founding of the People ’s Republic of China, due to factors such as the situation in the Taiwan Strait and weakened external relations, both Fuzhou and Xiamen developed slowly. Xiamen was once overtaken by inland cities. Linking with overseas trade, exerting the advantages of overseas Chinese merchants, and positioning the city’s functions are the main factors that determine the changes in the urban pattern of Fuzhou and Xiamen.