高炭基肥配施氮肥对牡丹江烤烟生长及产量和质量的影响

Effects of high-carbon based fertilizer combining with nitrogen on growth,yield and quality of flue-cured tobacco in Mudanjiang

采用田间试验,设置4个处理[CK(常规施氮量,不施高炭基肥)、T1(常规施氮量,900 kg·hm^-2高炭基肥)、T2(85%常规施氮量,900 kg·hm^-2高炭基肥)、T3(70%常规施氮量,900 kg·hm^-2高炭基肥)],研究了减氮配施高炭基肥对牡丹江烤烟生长和产量、质量的影响。结果表明,T1处理烤烟各生育时期的农艺性状均有所提高,T3处理对烤烟的生长产生了负面效应;T1处理显著提高了中上部叶总氮含量(1.59%,1.65%)、烟碱含量(1.71%,1.99%),T1和T2处理显著提高了中部叶钾含量(1.68%,1.69%);与CK相比,T1处理中上部叶感官评吸总得分均有显著提高,增幅分别为4.06%和5.92%,其烟叶产量、产值及中上等烟比例均有所提高。在牡丹江烟区白浆土条件下,控制总施氮量为45 kg·hm^-2、高炭基肥料施用量为900 kg·hm^-2时,有利于促进烤烟生长、提高经济效益、改善烟叶品质。

A field trial was carried out to explore the effects of application of high-carbon base fertilizer with nitrogen on growth,yield and quality of flue-cured tobacco in Mudanjiang City,Heilongjiang Province.Four treatments were set up as follows:CK(conventional nitrogen application rate,no high-carbon base fertilizer);T1(conventional nitrogen application rate,supplemented with 900 kg·hm^-2 of high-carbon base fertilizer);T2(85%conventional nitrogen application rate,supplemented with 900 kg·hm^-2 of high-carbon base fertilizer);T3(70%conventional nitrogen application rate,supplemented with 900 kg·hm^-2 of high-carbon base fertilizer).The results showed that the agronomic traits of the test tobacco at all growth stages were improved under T1 treatment,while they were decreased under T3 treatment.The total nitrogen(1.59%,1.65%)and nicotine contents(1.71%,1.99%)of flue-cured tobacco in C2L and B2F were increased under T1 treatment.The potassium contents of middle leaves were respectively increased by 1.68%and 1.69%under T1 and T2 treatments respectively.Compared with CK,the total sensory score of middle and upper tobacco leaves under T1 treatment was increased by 4.06%and 5.92%respectively.Meanwhile,T1 treatment could also improve the tobacco yield output value and the proportion of mid-high grade tobacco leaves.In conclusion,the combined application of 45 kg·hm^-2 of nitrogen and 900 kg·hm^-2 of high-carbon base fertilizer could improve growth,economic characteristics and quality of flued-cured tobacco cultivated on albic soils in Mudanjiang.