河南陈桥湿地青头潜鸭的繁殖生态研究

Study on the breeding ecology of Aythya baeri in Henan Chenqiao Wetland

2015年2月—2019年8月,采用定点监测法、直接计数法、同步调查、远红外相机监测等方法,对河南新乡国家级鸟类自然保护区陈桥湿地青头潜鸭繁殖生态因子进行系统的监测和分析。结果表明,该区域青头潜鸭求偶行为4月中旬开始出现,5月中旬繁殖配对基本结束。交配行为罕见,为水上交配、持续5~8 s。巢址选择基本要素为水中孤岛(沙洲),密生芦苇丛、香蒲,巢位高出水面50~100 cm,水质透明度较高,人为干扰度较低;该区域青头潜鸭巢位独立,未监测到相邻巢位。产卵:青头潜鸭5月初开始产卵,日产卵1枚,卵亚白色或淡黄色,无斑点。统计繁殖巢窝卵数(N=7),共计69枚,巢均9.86枚;其中寄生卵6枚,巢均0.86枚。卵(N=30)长径均长50.8 mm,卵短径均长36.9 mm,卵均重40.5 g。监测7个繁殖巢,完成繁殖4巢29枚,未孵化3枚,孵出幼鸟26只,孵化率89.66%。其余3巢被黄鼬、褐家鼠破坏2巢,不明原因弃巢1个。监测7巢产卵共计69枚,孵化率为37.68%。青头潜鸭食性以水生植物为主,主要采食莲、香蒲、慈菇等挺水植物的嫩叶,金鱼藻、菹草、茨藻等沉水植物及附着在茎叶上的水生动物、昆虫等。

Using methods of point monitoring,direct counting,same-step investigating and far infrared camera monitoring,the reproductive ecology of Aythya baeri was investigated systematically from February,2015 to August,2019 in Chenqiao Birds Nature Reserve Wetland in Xinxiang,Henan Province.The results showed that the courtship behaviors of Aythya baeri started in mid April and completed mostly in mid May.The mating behavior was rare,occurring over the surface water and lasting 5-8 s.The basic elements of nest site selection are island(sandbar)in water,with dense reeds and cattails.The nest is 50-100 cm above the water surface,with high water quality and transparency and low human interruption.In this area,the nest of Aythya baeri was separate with no adjacent nest detected.Spawning:Aythya baeri lays eggs in early May,laying one egg per day,of sub-white or light yellow colour,with no spots,Through statistical analysis,we found 7 nests of Aythya baeri with 69 eggs,9.86 eggs in each nest averagely,including 6 parasitic eggs,0.86 egg in each nest averagely.The average length-diameter of eggs(N=30)was 50.8 mm,while the average short-diameter was 36.9 mm,with an average weight of 40.5 g.By monitoring the 7 nests,we found that 4 of them completed the reproduction of a total of 29 eggs,of which 3 eggs unhatched and 26 hatched successfully,the fledglings survived,,the hatching rate being 89.66%.Two of the 7 nests were destoryed by Rattus norvegicus and Siberian Weasel,1 of them was deserted with unknown reasons.The 7 monitored nests had a total of 69 eggs,and the average hatching rate was 37.68%.Aythya baeri feeds mainly on aquatic plants,mainly eating tender leaves of emergent aquatic plants like lotus,cattcil,and Sagittaria,submerged plants,such as Snapdragon,crispus,and ponderosa,and aquatic animals and insects attached to the sterns and leave of the aquatic plants.