长江上游宜宾至泸州江段突发水污染风险评估

Risk Assessment of Sudden Water Pollution in the Upper Yangtze River(Yibin-Luzhou Section)

为防控长江上游重大突发水污染事件的发生,收集整理长江宜宾至泸州江段沿江水环境污染源及受体基础资料,构建水环境潜在污染风险分级评价体系。采用地统计学理论和地理信息系统(Geographic Information System,GIS)相结合的方法开展突发水污染风险分区评价研究,以揭示研究区江段突发水污染风险空间分布差异性。结果表明,污染源或受体热点分布主要集中在城镇化、工业化较快的地区,如宜宾市叙州区污染源最多,泸州市龙马潭区高风险污染源最密集,宜宾县和南溪县高敏感受体数量最多;其他区域污染源或受体分布较为均衡,未形成明显的冷点区域。水环境潜在污染高风险区集中分布在龙马潭区江段和江阳区江段,须提高该区域对潜在污染的风险管理能力,以降低污染事故发生的可能性。

In order to prevent and control the incidents of major sudden water pollution in the upper reaches of the Yangtze River,this paper collected the data of the water pollution risk sources and environmental risk receptors along Yangtze River from Yibin to Luzhou,and constructed the grading evaluation system for potential pollution risk of the water environment.The geostatistical theory and Geographic Information System(GIS)based methods were used to study and reveal the spatial distribution difference of the potential pollution risk in the study section.The results show that the hotspots of pollution sources and risk receptors are mainly concentrated in the urbanized and industrialized areas.For example,Xuzhou District of Yibin has the largest number of risk sources,Longmatan District of Luzhou city has the most dense risk sources,and Yibin County and Nanxi County have the highest number of sensitive receptors.In contrast,the other regions have a relatively balanced distribution of pollution sources or risk receptors,and don’t form distinct cold spots.The potentially high-risk area of water pollution is concentrated in the river section from Longmatan to Jiangyang District,where the region’s risk management capabilities should be improved to deal with the possible pollution accidents.