被害人危险接受的定位:三阶层与四要件下的分别讨论

The Localization of the Victim’s Acceptance of Risk: Respective Discussion in the Three-Stratum Crime Theory System and the Four-Element Crime System

在三阶层犯罪论体系下,关于被害人危险接受的定位分别存在构成要件符合性阶层、违法性阶层以及有责性阶层的讨论,根据被害人危险接受的内容特征,它应该作为三阶层犯罪论体系中的阻却构成要件该当性事由。在四要件犯罪构成体系中,被害人危险接受应被定性为超法规的正当化事由。以被害人危险接受作为阻却构成要件该当性事由为前提,以四要件中的犯罪客体与犯罪客观方面为媒介,被害人危险接受因不存在法益侵害而排除对法益(犯罪客体)的侵害,以及被害人危险接受不符合构成要件而排除犯罪的客观方面,通过这样的理论表述转换,三阶层犯罪论体系与四要件犯罪构成体系中的要素实现了理论衔接与契合,被害人危险接受的定位在两个体系下实现了贯通。

In the three-stratum crime theory system, the victim’s risk acceptance oriented discussion in conformity, illegality and culpability of constitutive elements. According to its content characteristics, the victim’s risk acceptance is the ground for elimination of conformity. In the four-element crime system, the victim’s risk acceptance should be characterized as the justification ground of super-law. On the condition that the victim’s risk acceptance is inconsistent with conformity, via criminal object and objective elements of crime in the four-elements system, the victim’s risk acceptance excludes the infringement of the legal benefit, and precludes the objective aspect by not conforming to the constitutive elements. In view of the transformation of such theoretical statement, the two crime theory system have been theoretical convergence, and the orientation of the victim’s risk acceptance has been realized in each system.