工程价款优先权制度的完善

Analysis of the Improvements on Project Price Priority Right System

我国建设工程价款优先权制度源自《中华人民共和国合同法》第286条,最高人民法院2002年发布相关司法解释,对该制度规定作出细化。随着建设工程价款争议中新问题不断涌现,原有司法解释的规定已不能完全适应现实需要,最高人民法院此后颁布施行了《最高人民法院关于审理建设工程施工合同纠纷案件适用法律问题的解释(二)》等规定,对建设工程价款优先权制度进一步完善。文章通过比较、分析新旧司法解释相关内容,提出建设工程价款优先权的行使主体是与发包人有直接合同关系的施工承包人、优先权范围涵盖工程价款构成全要素、优先权行使起算点自发包人应当支付工程价款之日、优先权行使不以工程竣工验收为条件等。

The priority right system for construction project price in China originates from Article 286 of the Contract Law. The Supreme People’s Court issued relevant judicial interpretations in 2002 and made detailed provisions on the system. With the emergence of new issues in the disputes over construction project prices, the provisions of the original judicial interpretation can no longer fully adapt to the actual needs. The Supreme People’s Court subsequently promulgated the "Judicial Interpretation II for Construction Projects" and other provisions, which further improved the priority right system of construction project prices. With comparing and analyzing the relevant contents between the new and old judicial interpretations, this paper proposes that the main body of exercising the priority right of construction project price should be the contractor who has a direct contractual relationship with the employer, and scope of the priority right need to cover all the elements forming the project price, also the starting point for exerting priority should be from the date when the employer makes payment to the contractor,furthermore the exercise of priority is not conditional on the completion and acceptance of the project.