2017-2018年滨州市病毒性腹泻流行病学特征及病原学监测分析

Epidemiological characteristics and pathogenic surveillance of viral diarrhea in Binzhou city from 2017 to 2018

目的分析2017-2018年滨州市病毒性腹泻的流行病学及病原学特征,为制定预防控制策略提供科学依据。方法 2017年4月至2018年12月从滨州市7家监测哨点医院收集感染性腹泻患者的粪便标本,采用荧光定量RT-PCR方法检测轮状病毒(RV)和诺如病毒(NV)。结果 351份粪便样品检测总阳性率为17.95%(63/351),其中轮状病毒阳性率为4.27%(15/351),诺如病毒阳性率为13.68%(48/351)。轮状病毒阳性样品中G1/P8、G2/P8、G3/P8型各占0.28%(1/351);G9/P8型占2.28%(8/351),未分型占1.14%(4/351)。诺如病毒阳性样品中GⅠ型占0.28%(1/351);GⅡ型占12.54%(44/351),其中有3份为GⅠ型和GⅡ型混合感染,混合检出率为0.85%(3/351)。经检验各年龄组以及不同性别的检出率比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。不同地区的病毒检出率不同,病毒检出率最高的是博兴县、阳信县和滨城区,分别为57.14%、25.00%、22.22%。轮状病毒无季节性高峰,诺如病毒流行高峰在冬季(10-12月)。结论滨州市腹泻病毒以轮状病毒G9和诺如病毒GⅡ型为主,多发生在冬春寒冷季节,易感人群无年龄组及性别差异,今后应进一步加强监测开展对病毒性腹泻病原型别及流行病学调查研究。

Objective To analyze the epidemiological and etiological characteristics of viral diarrhea in Binzhou city from2017 to 2018,and provide scientific basis for formulating prevention and control strategies. Methods Fecal samples of infectious diarrhea patients were collected from 7 sentinel hospitals in Binzhou city from April 2017 to December 2018.Rotavirus(RV)and norovirus(NV)were detected by RT-PCR. Results The total positive rate of 351 stool samples was17.95%(63/351). Of which,the positive rate of rotavirus was 4.27%(15/351)and the positive rate of norovirus was13.68%(48/351). Among the positive samples of rotavirus,G1/P8,G2/P8 and G3/P8 accounted for 0.28%(1/351),G9/P8 accounted for 2.28%(8/351),unclassified accounted for 1.14%(4/351). Among of the positive samples of noroviruses,GⅠaccounted for 0.28%(1/351),and GⅡaccounted for 12.54%(44/351),and of which,3 were mixed infection of GⅠ and GⅡ,and the mixed detection rate was 0.85%(3/351). There was no significant difference in detection rate among different age groups and different sexes(P>0.05). The detection rates of virus were 57.14%,25.00% and 22.22% in Boxing County,Yangxin County and Bincheng District,respectively. Rotavirus had no seasonal peak,but norovirus had epidemic peak in winter(October-December). Conclusion Rotavirus G9 and noruvirus GⅡ were the main diarrhoeal viruses in Binzhou city,and most of them occur in the cold season of winter and spring. There was no age group and sex difference in susceptible population. In the future,surveillance should be further strengthened to investigate the types and epidemiology of viral diarrhoea.