贫困弱势儿童识别标准及评估工具研究——基于9家机构的调研分析

Identification Criteria and Assessment Tools for Poor and Vulnerable Children——An Analysis Based on 9 Institutions

识别和认定贫困弱势儿童是政府部门和社会组织开展儿童服务工作的前提。实际工作中,各机构所运用的识别标准和评估工具各有不同。基于政府部门、国际组织和社会组织识别贫困弱势儿童的标准发现,识别方法可归纳为四种,包括收入识别、类型识别、地域识别和结果识别。前三类识别方式缺少对儿童困境结果的关注,造成部分结果贫困型儿童被排斥,未能获得较好的保障和服务。识别方式应增加第四种方法的应用。此外,各机构采用的评估工具各有不同,部分工具指标设置不够清晰、工具分级标准统一以及工具过分简化等问题,有待进一步整合和完善。

It is the premise for government departments and social organizations to identify poor and vulnerable children.In practices,the identification criteria and evaluation tools used by various institutions are different.Based on the analysis and comparison of tools for identifying disadvantaged children by government departments,international and social organizations,this study identifies four identification approaches,e.g.the income-based approach,categories-based approach,regional-based approach and outcome-based approach.The first three identification approaches lack the focus on poor outcomes of the poor and vulnerable children.Some outcomes-based children have not been able to get better protection and services.The fourth identification approach should be added in practice.Besides,tools are different by institutions,some of them are not clear,or classification is unified or too simplified,which needs to be further integrated and improved.