基于正棱锥可展单元的球形雷达校准机构的设计方法及研究

Design Method and Research of Spherical Radar Calibration Mechanism Based on Positive Pyramid Expandable Unit

地面雷达监测是目前对空间碎片最为有效的监测方法之一,为了保证地面雷达测量精度,需要对其进行鉴定、校准。校准装置需要具有恒定的外形,尽可能接近球形,同时为满足发射时体积包络要求,亟需一种具有小折展比的可展开球形雷达校准机构。通过对成角杆剪式单元进行分析,提出了一种成角杆正棱锥剪式单元,该单元能够实现空间放缩;通过对空间多面体的研究,分析了球形多面体的构造方法;根据所构造的球面构型,通过模块化的正棱锥可展单元组合的方法构成球形可展机构。总结了一种用于设计球形可展机构的理论方法,并通过原理样机验证了方法的可行性,将为我国第一颗雷达校准卫星研制打下良好的基础,具有很好的应用前景。

Ground-based radar monitoring is one of the most effective monitoring methods for space debris. In order to ensure the accuracy of ground radar measurement, it needs to be identified and calibrated. The calibration device is usually a constant spherical shape. To meet the requirement of envelope at time of launch, an expandable spherical radar calibration mechanism with a small folding ratio is needed. A kind of angled rod regular pyramid unit is proposed by analyzing the angled scissor unit. Through the study of spatial polyhedron, the construction method of spherical polyhedron is analyzed. According to the constructed the spherical configuration, a spherical scaling mechanism is combined by modular positive pyramid expandable units. This research summarizes a set of theoretical methods for designing spherical scaling mechanisms, and verifies the feasibility of the method through the prototype. It will lay a good foundation for the development of China’s first radar calibration satellite and will have a good application prospect.