论幸福生活权的目的论解释

On the Teleological Interpretation of the Right to a Happy Life

习近平总书记在致纪念《世界人权宣言》发表70周年座谈会的信中提出"人民幸福生活是最大的人权",这一重要论述的学术意涵在于提出人权领域的重大概念--作为人权的幸福生活权。幸福生活权是人们追求、享有并实现幸福生活的权利,属于概括性权利,即"权利束"。目的论解释为幸福生活权提供了有力辩护,但是目的论解释可能会带来诸多风险,这便可能使幸福生活权陷入诸多困境,诸如陷入"人"沦落为工具而丧失尊严、损害少数个体或群体人权而丧失公正、助长政府权力的扩张可能而侵害人权、追求幸福以及幸福具有差异性而难以获得普遍认同等。为此,必须坚持"以人民为中心"及持公正原则、使政府认真对待人权以及达成追求幸福的重叠共识等,对幸福生活权的目的论解释加以合理限制,推动中国人权事业的发展。

In his letter to the symposium commemorating the 70 th anniversary of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights,General Secretary Xi Jinping put forward that"people’s happy life is the greatest human right".The academic implication of this important exposition is that it puts forward a major concept,the right to a happy life as human rights,in the field of human rights.The right to a happy life is the right that people pursue,enjoy and realize a happy life,which belongs to the general right,that is,the"bundle of rights".Teleological interpretation provides a strong defense for the right to a happy life.However,teleological interpretation may bring many risks,which may get the right to a happy life into many dilemmas,such as the loss of dignity due to the degradation of"human"as a tool,the loss of justice due to the damage to the human rights of a few individuals or groups,the possible violation of human rights due to the promotion of the expansion of government power,and the difficulty of universal recognition due to the difference of happiness.Therefore,we must adhere to the"people-centered"principle and justice to enhance the government’s serious handling of human rights and reach an overlapping consensus in the pursuit of happiness,so as to restrict the teleological interpretation of the right to a happy life in a rational manner and promote the development of China’s human rights cause.