上海市虹口区2015-2019年重要病媒生物对常用杀虫剂的抗药性调查

Resistance of main vectors to commonly used insecticides in Hongkou district,Shanghai,China,2015-2019

目的了解上海市虹口区白纹伊蚊、家蝇及德国小蠊对常用杀虫剂的抗药性水平,为杀虫剂的合理选择和使用提供科学依据。方法白纹伊蚊幼蚊抗性测定采用世界卫生组织推荐的幼虫浸渍法,测定杀虫剂对幼蚊的半数致死浓度(LC50)。家蝇抗性测定方法采用微量点滴法,测定杀虫剂对家蝇半数致死剂量(LD50)。德国小蠊抗性测定采用药膜法,测定杀虫剂对德国小蠊的半数击倒时间(KT50)。结果2017和2019年上海市虹口区白纹伊蚊幼蚊对双硫磷的的抗性倍数分别为0.44和4.94倍,表现为敏感和低抗;2017年对高效氯氰菊酯的抗性倍数为16.89倍,表现为中抗;对溴氰菊酯的抗性倍数为34.25倍,表现为中抗;对残杀威的抗性倍数为1.59倍,表现为敏感;2019年对氯菊酯的抗性倍数为13.40倍,表现为中抗。2016和2018年家蝇对高效氯氰菊酯的抗性倍数为29.07和39.53倍,表现为高抗;2016年对溴氰菊酯和敌敌畏的抗性倍数为112.86和4.37倍,表现为高抗和低抗;2018年对甲基嘧啶磷和氯菊酯的抗性倍数为4.03和13.08倍,表现为低抗和中抗。2015和2018年德国小蠊对高效氯氰菊酯的抗性倍数为3.05和1.60倍,表现为低抗和敏感;对溴氰菊酯的抗性倍数为4.31和6.13倍,表现为低抗;对乙酰甲胺磷的抗性倍数为0.93和1.10倍,表现为敏感;2015年对残杀威的抗性倍数为2.69倍,表现为低抗。结论虹口区白纹伊蚊幼蚊、家蝇和德国小蠊对常用杀虫剂已表现出不同程度抗性,应加强对杀虫剂抗药性的监测,制定科学、合理的杀虫剂用药策略。

Objective To investigate the resistance to common insecticides in Aedes albopictus,Musca domestica,and Blattella germanica in Hongkou district,Shanghai,China,and to provide a scientific basis for rational selection and use of insecticides.Methods The larval dipping method recommended by WHO was used to test the resistance of Ae.albopictus larvae to insecticides by measuring median lethal concentrations.Micro-topical application was used to test the resistance of M.domestica to insecticides by determining median lethal doses.The residual film method was applied to test the resistance of B.germanica to insecticides by recording median knockdown time.Results In 2017 and 2019,Ae.albopictus larvae in Hongkou district of Shanghai showed resistance ratios of 0.44(low resistance)and 4.94(moderate resistance)to temephos,respectively;in 2017,the resistance ratio to beta-cypermethrin was 16.89(moderate resistance);deltamethrin resistance ratios were 34.25(moderate resistance);the resistance ratio to propoxur was 1.59(sensitive);in 2019,the larvae exhibited a moderate resistance level of 13.40 to permethrin.In 2016 and 2018,M.domestica were at high resistance levels of 29.07 and 39.53 to beta-cypermethrin,respectively;in 2016,the ratios for deltamethrin and dichlorvos were 112.86(high resistance)and 4.37(low resistance),respectively;in 2018,the ratios for pirimiphos-methyl and permethrin were 4.03(low resistance)and 13.08(moderate resistance),respectively.In 2015 and 2018,the resistance ratios of B.germanica to betacypermethrin were 3.05(low resistance)and 1.60(sensitive),respectively;the ratios for deltamethrin were 4.31(low resistance)and 6.13(low resistance),respectively;the ratios for acephate were 0.93(low resistance)and 1.10(low resistance),respectively;in 2015,B.germanica showed a low resistance ratio of 2.69 to propoxur.Conclusion Aedes albopictus,M.domestica,and B.germanica in Hongkou district have varying degrees of resistance to commonly used insecticides.It is necessary to strengthen insecticide resistance surveillance and formulate management strategies for scientific and rational use of insecticides.