“健康人居环境”研究框架浅析

A Brief Analysis of“Healthy Human Settlements”Research Framework

2020年伊始,突如其来的新型冠状病毒(COVID-19)席卷全球,给全球带来了巨大冲击,不仅严重危及民众的身心健康,也阻碍了社会生产生活的正常运行,现代城市公共健康系统与预防突发公共事件机制的诸多不完善之处暴露无遗。各国的应对策略显示出不同经济、社会、文化下人居环境的现实问题,人居环境建设对公共健康的影响再次引起关注。本文回顾了社会发展进程中人居环境与健康的研究历程,综合国内外关于健康城市的研究框架、方法与理论,以我国人居环境科学为核心,提出"健康人居环境"研究初步框架,综合考虑规划、建筑、风景园林三大学科与公共健康领域,探索健康与人居环境之间的复杂关系,从物质环境、非物质环境与健康人群三个角度阐述了人居环境与公共健康的关系,希望能为提高人居环境建设的科学性与可持续性发展水平提供参考。

At the beginning of 2020,COVID-19 suddenly attacked China and spread rapidly over the world within only three months,which brought an enormous impact to China and even the world.It is not only seriously threatened people’s physical and mental health,but also hindered the normal progress of social production and living.This major epidemic disease broke out in cities at first,which exposed the weakness of the contemporary public health system,and the strategies of different countries to address this epidemic disease also exposed the practical problems under different social and economic backgrounds.This impactive epidemic disease drew experts,governors of cities and the public’s attention on the importance of construction of public health system once again and also led the experts to rethink the essence of urban planning.In fact,urban planning was established to solve the problems of public health caused by the construction of the built environment in cities during the eighteenth century,so that urban planning should consider the public health as the foundation of development in the future as well.This paper reviews the development history of the studies on the human settlements and public health at first to find out how the built environment affected the public health,and then synthesizes the research frameworks,methods and theories of the studies which focus on the relationship between public health and built environment at home and abroad.According to those studies,this paper identifies the characters of healthy human settlements by analyzing the factors of physical environment,which includes the ecological environment,urban environment and architectural environment,and immaterial environment,including the socioeconomic environment,policy environment and cultural environment,which affect public health,and also recognizing the differences of impacts which the environment has made on various types of people to guide the planners and governors to build the human settlements more effectively and precisely,which can help more residents stay healthy.In terms of the features of healthy human settlements,this paper takes the human settlements science as a core theory to establish a preliminary research framework of healthy human settlements,which aims to explore the underlying relationships between the human settlements and public health,so that it can ensure the human settlements’healthy system be in working order in the future.To achieve this aim,this paper suggests that the urban planning,the related subjects of architecture,landscape and public health can collaborate with each other and carry out an interdisciplinary study to address the conflicts between environment construction and public health and complete this research framework gradually.It’s expected that it will be conductive to enhance the scientificity of human settlements construction and the sustainable development of human settlements.