高校学位授予标准的合法设定--兼论《学位条例》的修订

On Legal Setting of University Degree Grant Standard

相较于国家学位授予标准,高校学位授予标准是大学自治权的延伸,其符合大学自治的核心内涵,具有彰显大学自治的规范依据,契合教育行政领域"放管服"改革的基本方向。以学术自由为核心的权利体系构成了高校学位授予标准设定的内在边界,相关国家法律规范则为高校学位授予标准的设定划定外在边界。实践中,高校学位授予标准包含学术标准与非学术标准两种类型。学术标准的设定来源于学术自治,各高校可以在国家学位授予标准的基础上,在遵守比例原则的前提下设置更高标准。非学术标准的设定源自管理自治,应当遵循严格的法律保留,高校仅可以在国家学位授予标准之下进行细化。为实现国家监督与大学自治的平衡,《学位条例》的修订,应在保障高校学位授予标准设定自主性的同时,为其划定合法边界,增强相关条款的明确性与可操作性。

Compared with the national academic degree grant standard, the university academic degree grant standard is the extension of university autonomy, which conforms to the core connotation of university autonomy, has the normative basis to highlight university autonomy,and accords with the basic direction of the reform in the field of education administration. The right system with academic freedom as the core constitutes the internal boundary of the university degree grant standard, and the relevant national legal norms define the external boundary for the university degree grant standard. In practice, the university degree grant standard contains a two-dimensional structure of the academic standard and the non-academic standard.The setting of academic standards comes from "academic autonomy", and colleges and universities can set higher standards on the basis of national degree standards and on the premise of abiding by the principle of proportion. The setting of non-academic standards originates from "management autonomy" and should follow strict legal reservations. Colleges and universities can only be refined under national standards. To achieve the balance between national supervision and university autonomy, revision of the Academic Degrees Ordinance should not only guarantee the autonomy of the setting of the academic degree awarding standard, but also delimit the legal boundary for them, enhance the clarity and operability of relevant provisions.