网聊图文搭配关系的语用研究

Pragmatic Research on Emoji-Text Collocation Relationship in Instant Messaging Discourse

在网络即时通讯中,表情和文字常搭配使用,形成"图文混排"的独特表达方式。基于145份中国大学生的真实网络聊天记录,按照情感极性对表情和文字之间的搭配关系进行量化考察,并以言语行为理论为依托,对图文搭配关系的语用功能进行解析,结果显示:即时通讯中以图文一致搭配关系为主(82.2%),不一致搭配关系为辅(17.8%)。两类图文搭配关系均蕴含丰富的语用意义:文字和表情在同向作用下,以情感传达为主,可以增强话语表达效果、调节人际距离;文字和表情在反方向作用下,以言外示情为主,具有缓和话语、切换话题以及揭示交际意图等功能。

In network instant messaging, words and emojis are often used together, forming a unique expression of "mixed arrangement of emoji and text". A total of 145 online chat records of Chinese college students were collected in this study. Firstly, the collocation relationship between text and emoji was investigated according to emotional polarity, and then the pragmatic analysis of emoji-text collocation relationship was carried out based on speech act theory. It is found that the consistent collocation relationship between emoji and text accounts for 82.2% in instant messaging. Meanwhile, the proportion of inconsistent collocation relationship between emoji and text is 17.7%. The collocation relationship between words and emojis contains rich pragmatic meaning. Under the action of the same emotional direction, emoji-text combination expressions have strong emotional power, which can enhance the effect of discourse expression and adjust interpersonal distance. Under the action of opposite direction, emojis and text mainly express illocutionary meaning, which have the functions of moderating discourse, switching topics and revealing communicative intention.