杂交链式反应技术结合纳米材料用于核酸检测的研究进展

Research Progress of Hybridization Chain Reaction Combined with Nanomaterials for Nucleic Acid Detection

核酸检测在疾病早期诊断、分期、治疗监测、预后判断以及产前基因诊断等许多方面有着重要意义,然而目前对核酸的检测技术不仅存在耗时长、成本高等问题,而且工作量大、操作繁琐,严重影响其在诊断中的应用。杂交链式反应(hybridization chain reaction,HCR)是一种新型信号扩增技术,它通过单链DNA(ssDNA)引发两种稳定的DNA发夹探针在恒温下发生杂交反应,从而放大检测信号,实现选择性检测靶分子的目的。不仅如此,HCR还可以结合不同的纳米材料用于检测各种目标物如核酸、蛋白质、细胞、金属离子等等。对HCR技术结合几种常见的纳米材料(银纳米颗粒、金纳米颗粒、氧化石墨烯以及几种其他纳米材料)用于核酸的检测进行了总结,并对今后的发展趋势进行了展望。

Nucleic acid detection is of great significance in many aspects such as early diagnosis,staging,treatment monitoring,prognosis judgment and prenatal gene diagnosis.However,the current nucleic acid testing technology is not only time-consuming and costly,but also has a large workload and cumbersome operation,which significantly affects its application in diagnosis.Hybridization chain reaction(HCR)is a new type of signal amplification technology,which induces two stable DNA hairpin probes to hybridize under constant temperature through single chain DNA(ssDNA),thus amplifying the detection signal and achieving the goal of selective detection of target molecules.Moreover,the hybrid chain reaction can also bind different nanomaterials to detect various target substances such as nucleic acids,proteins,cells,metal ions and so on.In this paper,HCR technology combined with several common nanomaterials(silver nanoparticles,gold nanoparticles,graphene oxide and several other nanomaterials)for nucleic acid detection was summarized,and the future development trend was prospected.