交替根区灌溉和施氮量对葡萄幼树生长特性的影响

Effects of Alternate Root-zone Irrigation and Nitrogen Rates on Grape Growth Character

该试验采用盆栽进行。以2年生‘巨峰’葡萄为试材,设置不同灌溉方式(传统双侧滴灌、固定根区滴灌、交替根区滴灌)和施氮水平(0.4、0.8、1.2 g/kg土,依次记为低氮、中氮、高氮),研究根区交替灌溉与不同施氮量对葡萄生长特性的影响。结果表明,灌溉方式与施氮量存在显著的互作效应,在新梢修剪前,新梢长度表现传统双侧滴灌最长(77.22 cm)、交替根区滴灌居中(68.53 cm)、固定根区滴灌最短(64.50 cm)。交替根区滴灌和固定根区滴灌的新梢长度依次比传统双侧滴灌降低11.3%、16.5%;葡萄新梢修剪量依次降低10.8%、21.3%。同一灌溉方式下,随着施氮量的增加,新梢修剪量增加。与传统双侧滴灌相比,交替根区滴灌叶面积略有降低,固定根区滴灌叶面积显著降低,在局部根区滴灌2种方式下,随着施氮量的增加,叶面积均呈上升趋势,中氮和高氮处理差异不显著;在传统双侧滴灌方式下,随着施氮量的增加,叶面积先增加后降低。综合考虑不同水氮耦合处理,交替滴灌与中氮互作能够在减少灌溉量和施氮量的条件下优化树体生长。

A pot culture with 2-year old young‘Kyoho’grape trees was conducted in this experiment.Three irrigation methods(conventional drip irrigation,fixed root-zone drip irrigation,alternate root-zone drip irrigation)and three nitrogen application rates(0.4,0.8,1.2 g·kg-1 soil,donated as low N application,middle N application and high N application)were set.The characteristics of grape growth index were studied by different irrigation methods and N levels.The results showed that:there was a significant interaction between irrigation methods and nitrogen application rate.The new shoots length of conventional drip irrigation was longest(77.22 cm),that of alternate root-zone drip irrigation was the middle(68.53 cm),and that of fixed root-zone drip irrigation treatment was shortest(64.50 cm).The new shoots length of alternate root-zone drip irrigation and fixed root-zone drip irrigation decreased by 11.3%,16.5%respectively to conventional drip irrigation,and new shoots pruning amount decreased by 10.8%and 21.3%respectively.The pruning amount increased with the increasing of N rates at the same irrigation methods.Compared with conventional drip irrigation,the leaf area of alternate root-zone drip irrigation decreased slightly and its of fixed root-zone drip irrigation decreased sharply.The leaf area increased with the increasing of nitrogen rate under fixed root-zone drip irrigation and alternate root-zone drip irrigation,but there was no difference between middle N and high N treatments.The leaf area raised at first,and then down with the increasing of nitrogen rate under conventional drip irrigation treatments.Considering different water-nitrogen coupling treatments,alternate root-zone drip irrigation and middle N application interaction can optimize the growth of grape tree by reducing irrigation water amount and N application amount.