后人文时代的自然书写与生态批评:斯科特·斯洛维克访谈录

Nature Writing and Ecocriticism in an Era of Posthumanism:An Interview with Scott Slovic

斯科特·斯洛维克是著名的美国生态批评家,1992-1995年曾任美国文学与环境研究会创始会长,自1995年开始主编《文学与环境跨学科研究》期刊。他专注的领域包括生态批评、美国及世界环境文学、非虚构文学、环境书写、美国原住民文学以及可持续性研究。斯洛维克目前的研究和教学主要围绕人文与环境危机语境中的"信息管理"(信息如何被收集,交流和接收)。此次访谈于2018年4月至6月以笔录形式完成,内容涉及生态批评的第四次浪潮,中国传统文化对美国自然作家的影响,生态女性主义的作用,环境文学教学实践,人工智能对人与自然环境关系的影响等。斯科特指出,生态批评的实践,从气候变化文学到生态诗学语言实质的考察(后者是一种由"学术性生态批评"孵化而来的"实用性生态批评"的新范式),都越来越注重实用性。

Scott Slovic is a leading American ecocritic who served as the founding president of the Association for the Study of Literature and Environment(ASLE)from 1992 to 1995.Since 1995,he has been editing the journal,ISLE:Interdisciplinary Studies in Literature and Environment.His focus areas include ecocriticism,American and international environmental literature,literary nonfiction,environmental writing,Native American literature,and sustainability studies.Much of his current research and teaching focuses on"information management"(how information is collected,communicated,and received)in the contexts of humanitarian and environmental crises.This interview,which was conducted in the written form from April to June 2018,touches upon such topics as the fourth wave of ecocriticism,the influence of traditional Chinese culture on American nature writers,the role of ecofeminism,teaching practices in environmental literature,AI’s influence on the relationship between humans and nature,etc.Slovic pinpoints that there is a growing pragmatism in ecocritical practice ranging from climate change literature to examinations of the substance of ecopoetic language,which is a new mode of"applied ecocriticism"spawned from the"academic ecocriticism".