《白轮船》中“鹿母”传说的生态道德与民族教育观念

The Ideas of Ecological Moral and Ethnic Education in the Myth of the“Mother-Deer”of The White Ship

神话学家认为,神话的作用始终是教化人们,将人们引入正途。现代作家经常在作品中涉及的古老神话,是现代人对古代道德理解的镜像反映。艾特玛托夫的中篇小说《白轮船》中的鹿母神话,来源于吉尔吉斯的一个大部落,这是关于该部落人的起源的传说。艾特玛托夫教育思想的高度、对照范围的广度和联想的哲学深度是独一无二的。在其作品中,神话不止是神话,还构成了作家艺术意识中一个完整的抛物线系统。艾特玛托夫描写了一个民族的真实生活,提出了当代和20世纪人类的基本问题。这也构成了他作品中的民族教育思想:自幼接受古老传说教化的男孩无法应对新的文明;全球化时代因人们不断突破道德底线,最终不幸和灾难降临人类。这里的神话情节扮演着教育人的角色。吉尔吉斯的民间传说并不仅仅是那些现成的故事,而是一个向大地母亲痛下杀手的人类悲剧。这是对后代的警示。

Mythologists believe that myth has always been intended to educate people and lead them in the right direction.The fact that modern writers often touch upon ancient myths may serve as a clear reflection of modern people’s understanding of the ancient moral concepts.The myth of the mother-deer in the novella by Chingiz Aitmatov,The White Ship,originated from a legend about the origin of the people from a large tribe in Kyrgyz.Aitmatov’s educational thought is known to be quite unique for its high standard,its range of comparisons,and its depth of philosophical musings.In his work,a myth functions much more than just a mere myth because it also constitutes a whole parabolic system in the artistic consciousness of the writer.Aitmatov depicts the real life of a small nation and raises the fundamental issue of humanity at present and in the 20 th century.This is the ethnopedagogical idea he proposed in his work:a boy brought up with the ideas from the old fairy tales is unable to confront the new civilization;as people living in the era of globalization breach the moral boundaries constantly,misfortune and disaster will fall on humankind eventually.Here,the details in the myth are intended to educate people.The Kyrgyz folk dastans-legends are not just ready-made plots;instead,they represent the tragedy of a man who raised his hands to the mother earth.It is a stern warning to later generations.