哈罗德·布鲁姆的文学理论与犹太神秘主义

Harold Bloom’s Literary Theory and Jewish Mysticism

当代文学理论家哈罗德·布鲁姆并不信奉正统犹太教,但他积极地把犹太文化融入了当代文学批评。他通过犹太神秘主义喀巴拉与犹太传统文化建立了联系,为自身的犹太认同找到了文化源头。同时,布鲁姆把喀巴拉神话融入其文学理论和批评话语,赋予其"影响的焦虑"、"误读"、"事实性"等文学观、批评观以鲜明的犹太特色。布鲁姆的影响诗学也是犹太文化与浪漫主义文学观和美国个人主义共同作用的结果。

Harold Bloom, though not an orthodox Jew, is a theorist who tried actively to incorporate the traditional Jewish culture into his literary theory and criticism. Through Kabbalah, a form of Jewish mysticism, instead of normative Judaism, he connected with the traditional Jewish culture and discovered the cultural origin of his Jewish self-identity. In addition, Bloom integrated the Kabbalah myth into his literary theory and critical discourse, endowing his literary concepts, such as "anxiety of influence," "misreading," and "facticity," with distinctive Jewish characteristics. Bloom’s poetics of influence seems to have resulted from the interplay between Jewish culture and the ideas of Romanticism and American individualism.