不同比例咖啡渣基质栽培杏鲍菇评价

Evaluation on Cultivation of Pleurotus eryngii with Different Proportions of Coffee Residue Substrate

含不同比例咖啡渣的基质栽培杏鲍菇,评价杏鲍菇的生长指标(子实体长度、子实体干物质重、生物学效率)及营养成分(灰分、粗蛋白质、还原糖、粗脂肪含量);采用顶空固相微萃取(HS-SPME)和气相色谱-质谱联用(GC-MS)技术测定比较实验组(添加咖啡渣)与对照组(不添加咖啡渣)挥发性风味成分组成及差异。结果表明,6%~25%咖啡渣替代棉籽壳的栽培基质中杏鲍菇生长良好,子实体长度(19.52±0.26 cm)、子实体干重(236.88±19.16 g)、生物学效率(72.54±5.70%)与对照组无显著差异;20%咖啡渣组还原糖含量(2.56±0.14%)、粗脂肪含量(3.41±0.64%)显著高于对照组(P<0.05);在对照、6%、12%、20%和25%替代量的杏鲍菇中,分别鉴定出40种、42种、42种、41种和41种挥发性化合物,分别占总化合物相对含量的90.29%、93.29%、93.40%、95.02%和93.25%,主要包含醛类、醇类、酯类、烃类、酮类、杂环及其他物质。实验组主要风味成分种类、含量与对照组无较大差别,其中1-辛烯-3-醇平均达到14.54%,3-辛醇、2-甲基丁醇和3-辛酮均超过10%。

The culture medium of Pleurotus eryngii was partly replaced the coffee residue to evaluate the growth index(fruiting body length, dry matter weight, biological efficiency and bio-transformation rate) and nutrient components(ash,crude protein, reducing sugar, crude fat and carbohydrate content). Headspace solid-phase microextraction(HS-SPME) and gas chromatography-mass spectromery(GC-MS) were used to study the difference of volatile flavor components between coffee residue P. eryngii and normal kind. The results showed that the fruiting bodies of P. eryngii could be harvested on the substrates of 6-25% coffee residue. The length of fruiting body(19.52±0.26 cm), dry weight(236.88±19.16 g), biological efficiency(72.54±5.70%) were not significantly different from control group, the reducing sugar content(2.56±0.14%) and crude fat content(3.41±5.70%) in the 20% coffee was significantly higher than the control group(P<0.05). Among the control,6%, 12%, 20% and 25% substitutes of P. eryngii, 40, 42, 42, 41 and 41 volatile compounds were identified, accounted for90.29%, 93.29%, 93.40%, 95.02% and 93.25% of the total relative content of compounds, mainly including aldehydes,alcohols, esters, hydrocarbons, ketones, heterocycles and other substances. There was no significant difference in the types and contents of main flavor components between the experimental group and control group. 1-octene-3-alcohol is 14.54% on average, 3-octanol, 2-methyl butanol and 3-octanone all exceeded 10%.