环黄芪醇的药理作用研究进展

Research Progress in the Pharmacological Action of Cycloastragalol

环黄芪醇作为黄芪中一种极具药用价值的次生代谢产物,对心血管疾病、脑卒中、脂肪肝、腹主动脉瘤等疾病均有保护作用,可激活端粒酶、调节免疫力、促进伤口愈合及毛发生长等。但目前对于环黄芪醇的药理作用研究还存在一些问题:①相关体外实验发现环黄芪醇在一定浓度下具有细胞毒性作用,提示环黄芪醇并非绝对安全,其对细胞的毒性作用尚需深入研究,同时在动物体内的安全性还需进一步验证;②对于环黄芪醇的研究多局限于激活端粒酶这一作用靶点,虽使其在相关保健产品开发中存在优势,但一定程度上限制了对其更深层次和更广范围的研究,目前虽已有环黄芪醇对腺苷酸活化蛋白激酶(AMP activiated protein kinase,AMPK)通路、法尼醇X受体(famesoid X receptor,FXR)转录因子和沉默信息调节蛋白(silent mating type information regulation,SIRT1)蛋白调节作用的探讨,为其药理作用靶点做了一定的补充,但仍缺乏相关的药理活性和作用机制研究。尽管对环黄芪醇的药理作用研究还存在一些问题,但不可否认其药用价值,今后需进一步加强其对心脏纤维化、充血性心力衰竭和心律失常等疾病的保护作用研究,以及对于改善心血管疾病风险指标、调节内皮细胞稳态作用的理论和实验研究,以更好地应用于临床。同时,充分挖掘环黄芪醇在治疗脑缺血和精神类疾病方面的潜力,将其对脑部神经血管疾病的作用作为未来研究的一个新方向。

Cycloastragalol is a secondary metabolite product with great medicinal value in Huangqi(astragalus).It has protective effects on cardiovascular disease,stroke,fatty liver,abdominal aortic aneurysm and other disease models.It can activate telomerase,regulate immunity,promote wound healing and hair growth.However,there are still some issues in the current research on the pharmacological action of cycloastragalol:①In vitro experiments have found that cycloastragalol has cytotoxic effects at certain concentrations,suggesting that cycloastragalol is not absolutely safe.Its cytotoxic effect on cells needs to be further studied,and the safety of cycloastragalol in animals needs further verification.②The research on cycloastragalol is mostly limited to activate the target of telomerase.Although it has advantages in the development of health care products,to some extent,it limits the deeper and broader research on cycloastragalol.At present,although there are studies on the regulatory effects of cycloastragalol on AMP activiated protein kinase(AMPK)pathway,famesoid X receptor(FXR)and silent mating type information regulation(SIRT1)protein,which are complementary to its pharmacological targets,there is still lack of relevant pharmacological activity and mechanism.Although there are still some problems in the study of the pharmacological effect of cycloastragalol,its medicinal value cannot be denied.In the future,it is necessary to further strengthen the protective effect of cycloastragalol on its heart fibrosis,congestive heart failure,arrhythmia and other diseases,as well as to improve the indicators of cardiovascular disease risk,regulate the homeostasis of endothelial cells,and conduct more in-depth theoretical and experimental research,so as it can be better used in clinic.At the same time,the potential of cycloastragalol in the treatment of cerebral ischemia and mental diseases can be fully explored,and its effect on cerebral neurovascular diseases can be regarded as a new research direction in the future.