改性微生物吸附剂在重金属废水处理中的应用进展

Application progress of modified microbial adsorbents for the treatment of heavymetal wastewater

高效、低耗、环境友好的重金属废水处理方法是当前的研究热点之一,微生物吸附法因具有优良的吸附性能、不产生二次污染、环境友好性等优点,在重金属废水处理中有巨大的应用潜力。细菌、真菌、藻类等微生物可通过静电吸附、络合作用等将重金属结合到细胞壁表面。但未经处理的微生物往往吸附效果不佳,通过对微生物进行物理、化学等方法的改性处理,能显著增加微生物与重金属离子结合的活性位点,提高去除效果。本文对国内外微生物的改性方法以及改性微生物吸附剂对废水中重金属的吸附能力和影响因素进行阐述,讨论微生物吸附剂存在的相关问题,并对其未来的研究方向做简要展望。

Efficient,cheap and environmental friendly method is necessary to treat heavy-metal wastewater.Microbial adsorption has the advantages of excellent adsorption,low price and environmental friendliness.Microorganisms such as bacteria,fungi and algae can bind heavy metals to their surface of cell walls through electrostatic adsorption,complexation and other processes.However,the adsorption effect of untreated microorganisms is often not satisfied.By physical and chemical modification,immobilization and other methods,the active sites on the microorganisms,can be significantly increased,to improve the removal rate of heavy metals.In this paper,the modification methods of microorganisms,the adsorption ability of modified microbial adsorbents for heavy metals in wastewater and the influencing factors are described.We also discuss the problems of microbial adsorbents,and the future research directions.