肺移植等待期患者营养知信行调查及影响因素分析

Investigation on nutritional knowledge,attitude and practice in patients during waiting period for lung transplantation and analysis of its influencing factors

目的调查肺移植等待期患者营养知信行情况,并分析其影响因素,为肺移植围手术期患者开展个体化营养干预提供参考。方法采用便利抽样的方法,选取2018年1—12月在南京医科大学附属无锡人民医院呼吸中心经肺移植评估后等待肺移植的240例患者作为研究对象,采用自制的肺移植等待期患者营养知信行调查问卷进行调查,并分析患者营养知信行的影响因素。结果肺移植等待期患者的营养知识处于一般水平,得分为(18.71±4.53)分;营养态度处于良好水平,得分为(38.00±6.49)分;营养行为处于一般水平,得分为(36.75±4.89)分。多重线性回归结果显示,营养知识的影响因素为经济状况和是否合并神经系统疾病(P<0.05);营养态度的影响因素为职业和血清蛋白(P<0.05);营养行为的影响因素为年龄、文化程度和是否合并泌尿系统疾病(P<0.05)。结论肺移植等待期患者营养知信行水平受到年龄、经济状况、合并疾病情况、职业、文化程度和血清蛋白的影响,在对肺移植患者进行围手术期营养管理时,应充分考虑各类影响因素,针对性地给予精准化的营养干预,通过提高患者的营养知识水平,重点改变其营养态度,最终改善营养行为和营养状况。

Objective To explore the nutritional knowledge,attitude and practice(KAP)in patients during the waiting period for lung transplantation,analyze its influencing factors,and provide a reference for individualized nutritional intervention during the perioperative period of lung transplantation.Methods Totally 240 patients during the waiting period for lung transplantation after lung transplantation evaluation in The Respiratory Center,Wuxi People's Hospital between January and December 2018 were selected using convenient sampling,and investigated with the self-made nutritional KAP questionnaire for patients during the waiting period for lung transplantation.And the influencing factors to their nutritional KAP were analyzed.Results The nutritional knowledge of patients during the waiting period for lung transplantation was average,with a score of(18.71±4.53);the nutritional attitude was good,with a score of(38.00±6.49);the nutritional practice was average,with a score of(36.75±4.89).Multiple linear regression analysis showed that the influencing factors of nutritional knowledge were economic status and whether it was complication with neurological diseases(P<0.05);the influencing factors of nutritional attitude were occupation and serum protein(P<0.05);the influencing factors of nutritional practice were age,educational level and whether it was complicated with urinary system disease(P<0.05).Conclusions The nutritional KAP of patients during the waiting period for lung transplantation is affected by age,economic status,comorbidity,occupation and educational level and serum protein.In the perioperative nutritional management of lung transplantation patients,we should fully consider various factors,provide targeted and precision nutritional interventions,improve the nutritional practice and status of patients by improving their nutritional knowledge and attitude.