中央—地方政府间职责结构的历史变迁与优化——基于地方政府行动策略的视角

The Historical Changes and Optimization of Responsibility Structure between Central and Local Governments:From the Perspective of Local Government Action Strategies

新中国成立以来,中央—地方政府间职责结构的变迁可以归结为三个层面:从结构变迁视角可以归为制度的集体选择层面;从地方政府的行动策略选择视角可以归为主体行动者的操作规则层面;从变迁模式优化视角可以归结为制度的宪法选择层面.对中央与地方政府间职责结构的历史变迁分析发现,在现行制度安排约束下,作为行动主体的地方政府逐渐呈现与中央政府"职责同构"、地方政府之间"政治锦标赛"和"共谋"等策略行动.为了优化职责结构,有必要以公共事务属性作为职责配置规则的价值取向,基于回应性和需求性路径来合理设置中央与地方政府间职责配置的权力结构,并进行相应制度改革作为职责结构优化的配套措施.

Since the founding of The P.R.C.,the changes in the structure of responsibility between central and local governments have been summarized into three levels.From the perspective of structural change,it can be classified as the collective choice of institution;it can be classified as the operating rules of the main actor from the action strategy selection of local government;from the perspective of the optimization of transition mode,it can be summarized as the constitutional choice of the institution.The analysis of the historical changes of responsibility structure between the central and local governments shows that under the constraints of the current institutional arrangement,the local government,as the subject of action,gradually presents the strategic actions such as“isomorphic responsibility”with the central government,“political tournaments”and the“Collusion”among the local governments.In order to optimize the responsibility structure,it is necessary to take the attribute of public affairs as the value orientation of responsibility allocation rules,reasonably set up the power structure of responsibility allocation between central and local governments in a responsive and demand-based way,and carry out corresponding institutional reform as the supporting measures of responsibility structure optimization.