故宫古建筑梁柱榫卯连接的智慧技术

WISDOM OF APPLICATION OF TENON-MORTISE CONNECTION IN ANCIENT BUILDINGS IN FORBIDDEN CITY

榫卯节点是我国木构古建筑构件之间连接的主要形式。为有效保护古建筑,以故宫古建筑柱与梁连接的榫卯节点为研究对象,研究榫卯节点在古建筑运用中的智慧技术,归纳梁柱连接所用榫卯的形式及应用范围,分析不同榫卯节点的安装智慧,探讨榫卯节点的抗震智慧,论述榫卯节点的建筑艺术,结果表明故宫木构古建筑梁柱榫卯节点类型丰富,安装方式合理有效,抗震效果好,外观及功能与艺术一体,榫卯节点的运用技术体现了古代工匠的智慧。

In Chinese ancient buildings,the components are usually connected by tenon-mortise connection means.To effectively protect Chinese ancient buildings,the tenon-mortise joints between column and beam in the Forbidden City are taken as example for study.The wisdom of the application of tenon-mortise joints are studied.Different types of tenon-mortise joints are summed up,their assembling techniques,aseismic performance,architectural arts and so on are discussed.Results show that for the tenon-mortise joints,their types are abundant,the assembling means are convenient and effective.They can perform well under earthquakes,and their appearances are also of artistic designs.Thus the application technique of tenon-mortise joint reflects the wisdom of Chinese ancient workmen.