用于太阳能光热发电系统的CaO/Ca(OH)2化学储热技术综述

Review of CaO/Ca(OH)2 chemical heat storage technology for CSP

借助大规模、低成本的储热技术实现全天候运行,进而降低发电成本、提升能源质量是太阳能光热发电技术相对于光伏、风电等技术的最大优势所在。近年来,CaO/Ca(OH)2化学储热体系以其储热密度高、反应效率高、安全性高、成本低等优越特性,从众多化学储热技术中脱颖而出。从过程机理、反应器装备及系统集成3个层面对CaO/Ca(OH)2化学储热体系的研究现状进行了综述,为进一步优化CaO/Ca(OH)2化学储能体系提供参考。首先介绍了该体系储/放热的基本原理,讨论并总结了用于解决固体反应物烧结、团聚结块的掺杂法和粒化法,随后分类并分析了反应器装备的型式及其各自的优缺点。研究现状表明,虽然掺杂法和粒化法能有效地改善颗粒物团聚现象,但同时会带来诸如副反应产物、储热密度下降严重、循环稳定性低等负面影响。固定床反应器操作不连续性,不适合工业级的应用,接下来围绕流化床反应器和移动床反应器的优化可能是研究工作更好的选择。

The most prominent advantage of Concentrating Solar Power(CSP)technology over photovoltaic power and wind power generation technologies is its large-scale low-cost all-weather operation,by which it lower the power generation cost and improve the energy quality.In recent years,CaO/Ca(OH)2 chemical heat storage system stands out from numerous chemical heat storage technologies for its high heat-storage density,high reaction efficiency,high security and low cost.The research on CaO/Ca(OH)2 chemical heat storage system is reviewed from three aspects which are process mechanism,reactor equipment and system integration,so as to provide references for further optimization of the energy storage system.Firstly,the basic principles of heat storage/release of the system are introduced.Doping and granulation can effectively solve the sintering and agglomeration of solid reactants,but exert negative effects at the same time,such as side reaction products,dramatic decrease of heat storage density and low reacting cycle stability.The fixed bed reactor cannot run continuously,and is not suitable for industrial applications.The following research will focus on optimizing fluidized bed reactors and moving bed reactor.