灵芝孢子粉低聚糖的制备及调节肠道菌群功能研究

Preparation of Ganoderma lucidum spore oligosaccharide and its regulation on gut microbiota

为探究灵芝孢子粉低聚糖对肠道菌群的调节功能,从破壁与未破壁灵芝孢子粉中提取制备2种灵芝孢子粉低聚糖,采用肠道菌群体外发酵模型,通过代谢产物中短链脂肪酸与产气的变化、低聚糖的利用情况以及菌群结构的变化,阐述其对肠道菌群的影响。结果发现,2种灵芝孢子粉低聚糖均能够被肠道菌群有效利用。与空白对照相比,添加低聚糖能显著促进主要短链脂肪酸(乙酸、丙酸、丁酸)的产出(P<0.05),且同时产生少量气体,促进肠道蠕动;此外,双歧杆菌和乳酸杆菌属等有益菌的相对丰度升高,而大肠杆菌属等有害菌的相对丰度有所降低。因此,所制备的灵芝孢子粉低聚糖对人体肠道菌群有显著的益生调节功能。

Unbroken/broken Ganoderma lucidum spore oligosaccharides(UGLS-O, BGLS-O) were extracted from sporoderm-unbroken and sporoderm-broken spores of Ganoderma lucidum, respectively. The effects of GLS oligosaccharides on gut microbiota were examined by using an in vitro fermentation model. The changes of short-chain fatty acids(SCFAs) and gas production in metabolites, the utilization of oligosaccharides, and the changes of bacterial phase were determined. The results showed that both UGLS-O and BGLS-O could be effectively utilized by gut microbiota. Compared with a blank control group, the groups added with GLS oligosaccharides significantly increased the yields of main SCFAs(e.g., acetic acid, propionic acid, butyric acid), and produced a small amount of gas to promote intestinal peristalsis. Furthermore, the relative abundances of beneficial bacteria(e.g., Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus) were increased, while Escherichia coli was decreased. In conclusion, the prepared GLS oligosaccharides possessed significant effects on probiotic regulation of gut microbiota.