城乡住宅用地权利的立法变革

The Legislative Reform of Housing Land Rights in Urban and Rural Areas

空间非正义问题在土地私有制法律框架下至今无解。土地公有制下的住宅用地权利立法肩负提供居住空间正义法律样本的使命。旨在实现空间正义的住宅用地权利立法,包含基本居住空间权利平等、居住空间生产机会平等和弱势群体空间占有的特别保护等立法目标。我国城镇国有住宅用地权利和农村集体宅基地权利的改革应打破城乡二元结构,通过统筹安排、同步改革,建构城乡融合的住宅用地法案:一方面,限制城镇住宅用地占有数量、明确住宅用地占有范围,确保每个公民享有均足的城市居住土地配额,阻止城市居住空间的私人垄断;另一方面,扩张农村住宅用地的使用权能,赋予农民集体居住空间开发权。

The problem of spatial injustice has not been solved within the legal framework of private land ownership,so the legislation of housing land use right within the public ownership framework shoulders the mission of providing examples of residential space justice.The legislation of housing land rights,which aims to achieve spatial justice,includes the legislative objectives of equal rights of basic living space,equal production opportunities of living space and special protection of the space occupied by vulnerable groups.The reform of the rights of state-owned housing land in urban areas and the rights of rural collectively-owned housing land should break the urban-rural dual structure and develop housing land bills of urban-rural integration through overall arrangement and synchronous reform.On the one hand,the amount of urban housing land possession should be limited and the range of possession should be defined so as to ensure that every citizen can enjoy an adequate urban residential land quota and prevent private monopoly.On the other hand,the use right of rural housing land should be expand and the development right of collective residential space should be granted to farmers.