思想与文献:程氏《文集》的校订与朱熹中和说

Thought and Document: The Emendation of Cheng Yi’s Collected Works and Zhu Xi’s Theory of Zhonghe

朱熹的中和旧说与新说虽各有新创,但都能从程颐那里找到源头。其中和旧说形成于乾道二年,主要是受到程颐早期"凡言心皆为已发"思想的影响;而朱熹乾道三年的湖湘之行对其中和思想的转变有着重大作用。朱熹赴湖湘的一个重要意图是与张栻面论程氏《文集》的校订,在此前后他通过对程氏《文集》善本的确定和精详研读,终于认识到"心为已发"是程颐前期的思想,不可执以为据,转而认同了程颐《与吕大临论中书》中以寂感、体用言心的说法,并进而以寂然不动、感而遂通分指性、情,且心统性情,于是形成了他的中和新说。故而修订程氏《文集》虽不是朱熹中和新说形成的唯一原因,但此中的影响却不能小觑。

Although Zhu Xi’s early and new theory of Zhonghe each has their originality,we can find their source from Cheng Yi. Zhu Xi’s early theory of Zhonghe was formed in the 2 ndyear of Qiandao,mainly influenced by Cheng Yi’s early thought of"the mind is manifest". However,his going to Huxiang in the 3 rdyear of Qiandao 3 with the purpose of emendating Cheng Yi’s Collected Works with Zhang Shi played a great role in the change of this theory. Duriong this period,Zhu Xi read Cheng Yi’s Collected Works carefully,and realized that "the mind is manifest"was Cheng Yi’s early thought,and therefore could not be trusted. He then turned to agree on Cheng Yi’s description of mind in"Letter Exchanges with Lu Dalin on‘Zhong’". Zhu Xi referred to Jiranbudong and Gan’ersuitong as Xing and Qing respectively,considering that the mind not only contained but also controlled Xing and Qing as a whole,and thus formed his new theory of Zhonghe. In brief,the emendation of Cheng Yi’s Collected Works is not the only reason for the establishment of Zhu Xi’s new theory of Zhonghe,but its influence cannot be ignored.