精准扶贫背景下高校对口定点扶贫模式研究——基于广东省高校对口帮扶贫困村的持续追踪调查

Research on the Pattern of Targeted Poverty Alleviation in Universities Under the Background of Targeted Poverty Alleviation——Based on the Continuous Tracking Survey of the Poverty Villages Assisted by Colleges and Universities in Guangdong Province

自精准扶贫工作推动以来,为响应党和国家精准扶贫的号召打赢脱贫攻坚战,不同社会组织也开始了新型扶贫模式的探索。高校作为拥有如智力、人才、科技等独特资源的帮扶主体,探索高校对口定点扶贫工作的规律并系统总结出高校对口定点扶贫模式特征,将有助于打造脱贫攻坚的“高校样本”与指导高校扶贫工作的开展。通过实地调研广东省8所高校对口帮扶贫困村对高校扶贫模式特征进行总结,再基于三期调查的群组追踪纵向数据,采用科学统计分析方法对高校对口定点扶贫模式进行检验。研究发现:一是,高校开展扶贫工作主要以文化输出为主,满足被帮扶村落村民的精神文化需求;二是,高校开展扶贫工作发挥优势学科资源,特别是非扶贫考核范围的举措突出明显;三是,对于贫困户满足精神文化需求无法提升扶贫满意度,而满足非贫困户的精神文化需求将能够提升扶贫满意度。四是,在读子女情况会显著影响高校扶贫满意度,存在当地在读子女将显著提高高校扶贫满意度。因此,需实施多元考核标准发挥扶贫主体特色优势,共建高校扶贫合作平台,立足被帮扶对象需求“扶人、扶村”分头进,才能更好发挥高校扶贫的优势。

Since the launch of targeted poverty alleviation,different social organizations have begun to explore new poverty alleviation models in response to the call of the party and the state to win the battle against poverty.As the supporting subject with unique resources such as intelligence,talents,science and technology,colleges and universities explore the law of the targeted poverty alleviation work of colleges and universities and systematically summarize the characteristics of the targeted poverty alleviation model of colleges and universities,which will help to build a“college sample”for poverty alleviation and guide the development of poverty alleviation work of colleges and universities.This paper summarizes the characteristics of poverty alleviation mode of colleges and universities by means of field research on 8 universities Guangdong province to help poverty-stricken villages,and then uses scientific statistical analysis method to test the poverty alleviation mode of colleges and universities.The findings are as follows:first,the poverty alleviation work carried out by colleges and universities mainly focuses on cultural output to meet the spiritual and cultural needs of the villagers in the assisted villages.Second,in carrying out poverty alleviation work,colleges and universities give full play to their advantageous disciplinary resources,especially the measures of non-poverty alleviation assessment.Third,meeting the spiritual and cultural needs of poor households cannot improve the satisfaction of poverty alleviation,while meeting the spiritual and cultural needs of non-poor households can improve the satisfaction of poverty alleviation.Fourth,the situation of students children will significantly affect the satisfaction of poverty alleviation in colleges and universities,and the existence of local students will significantly improve the satisfaction of poverty alleviation in colleges and universities.Therefore,it is necessary to implement multiple assessment standards to give full play to the characteristic advantages of poverty alleviation subjects,build a platform for poverty alleviation cooperation among colleges and universities,and carry out“supporting people and villages”separately based on the needs of the supported objects,so as to better play the advantages of poverty alleviation in colleges and universities.