醋渣覆盖对盐渍化麦田土壤及小麦产量相关性状的影响

Effect of Vinegar Residue Mulching on Soil and Wheat Yield-Related Traits in Saline Soil

为解决目前江苏省滩涂新垦农田盐渍化、农作物生长受抑制及产量较低的问题。在小麦播种后用45 t·hm^-2醋渣覆盖滩涂新垦麦田,分析醋渣覆盖对滩涂新垦麦田土壤电导率、盐度相关矿质元素和氮离子含量以及对小麦产量相关性状的影响。结果表明,在小麦幼苗期、拔节期和灌浆期,醋渣覆盖后的土壤电导率分别为1199.44、820.00和748.89μS·cm^-1,较未覆盖醋渣处理分别降低16.9%、36.7%和22.9%;醋渣覆盖后土壤的氯离子含量分别为104.71、63.14和58.40 mg·kg-1,较未覆盖醋渣处理分别降低23.0%、42.9%和33.1%;醋渣覆盖后宁麦13、扬麦20和扬麦25的产量分别为2757.69、3326.69和3647.13 kg·hm^-2,较未覆盖醋渣处理分别增产259.9%、74.5%和43.2%。说明,醋渣覆盖能显著降低土壤电导率和土壤氯离子含量,显著提高小麦籽粒产量。此外,醋渣覆盖还能显著提高小麦的有效穗数、株高和千粒重,但不同品种间的小麦穗长、穗粒数和小穗数等存在差异。综合来看,醋渣覆盖可降低新垦滩涂农田盐渍土的盐度,促进滩涂新垦麦田小麦生长发育,提高小麦产量。

In order to solve the problems of soil salinization,inhibited crop growth and yield decreasing in the newly reclaimed farmland in Jiangsu province,in this experiment,vinegar residue(45 t·hm^-2)was used to cover newly reclaimed wheat fields after wheat sowing,and the effects of vinegar residue mulching on electric conductivity,salinity-related mineral elements,ions content and yield-related traits were analyzed.Results showed that the electric conductivity of the soil covered with vinegar residue was 1199.44,820.00 and 748.89μS·cm^-1at seedling stage,jointing stage and grain filling stage,which was 16.9%,36.7%and 22.9%lower than that without vinegar residue,respectively.Chloride ion content of soil covered with vinegar residue at three sampling stages was 104.71,63.14 and 58.40 mg·kg-1,which was 23.0%,42.9%and 33.1%lower than that without vinegar residue,respectively.The yield of Ningmai 13,Yangmai 20 and Yangmai 25 treated with vinegar residue was 2757.69,3326.69 and 3647.13 kg·hm^-2,which was 259.9%,74.5%and 43.2%higher than that without vinegar residue,respectively.Vinegar residue mulching significantly reduced soil electric conductivity and chloride ion content,and significantly increased wheat grain yield.In addition,vinegar residue mulching significantly increased the effective spike number per hectare,plant height and 1000-grain weight of wheat,In terms of spike length,grain number per spike and spikelet number,there were differences among varieties.In a word,vinegar residue mulching reduced the salinity of saline soil,promoted the growth and development of wheat,and increased the yield in the newly reclaimed beach farmland.