高校海归教师首聘期工作满意度演进:1979-2017年的实证研究

An Empirical Research on Job Satisfaction of Returnee Faculty in Early Career:Measuring the Change over Time from 1979 to 2017

改革开放以来,海归人才已成为高校教师队伍中的重要组成部分。对不同年代归国教师的首聘期工作满意度及其变化趋势、影响因素进行分析,是对高校人才政策环境和海外引才效果的检验。课题组以全国48所研究型大学1979-2017年期间归国的541名教师为样本,开展问卷调查。研究发现,过去40年海归教师首聘期总体满意度水平不高。通过对四个时期多维度满意度的量化分析发现:薪酬待遇和文化适应等方面的满意度存在显著差异;随着时间的推移,工作自主性、压力和科研团队等方面的满意度呈现下降趋势;薪酬待遇满意度的平均水平最低,但近年来已略有提升。基于研究发现,提出增加海归教师工作自主性和职业认同感、提高基础薪资和建立稳定的薪酬增长机制等建议。

The returnee faculty has become an important part of the talent team in university. This study explores the change of faculty’s job satisfaction over time, among 541 returnee teachers from 48 universities. We find that the returnees’ satisfaction in their early career doesn’t show an obviously upward tendency from 1979 to2017. There are significant differences in the dimensions of job satisfaction including compensation and benefits,and cultural adjustment between different periods. As time goes by, returnees’ level of satisfaction towards independence of work, working stress and work group is decreasing. The average level of satisfaction towards compensation and benefits is the lowest among all the dimensions;however, it has improved significantly in recent years. The findings hold important implications for those overseas returnees who are seeking positions in universities and for administrators and researchers in higher education institutions to understand the experiences of returnee faculty.