全國人大常委會議事中的合憲性審查規則建構

Developing the Rules of Constitutional Review Involved in Deliberations Conducted by Ae Standing Committee of the National Peoples Congress

一、《全國人大常委會議事規則》修改的制度變遷契機從民主政治的基本法理看,民主代表機關基於也是爲了保護其在憲法上的獨立地位和權限,可以自己通過適用特别程序訂立議事規則,形成自主活動空間與範圍,這是對民主代表機關重要的組織程序保障:儘管議事規則不直接適用於調整國民的權利和義務.但議事機關的組織、權限、程序又與産生法律、决定等直接關聯,因此很多國家既在憲法上明定代議機關可以制定自身規則,也會以法律文件的性質和要求來認真對待其內容設計。

I・Opportunities of Institutional Evolution to Amend the Rules of Procedure for the Standing Committee of the National People\Congress(hereinafter referred to as the Rules)Judged by the basic legal principles of democratic politics,it is with the view of protecting their constitutional independence and authority that representative organs of democracy may establish rules of procedure on their own by applying special procedures to delineate a space and scope for autonomous activities.This is an important organic procedurebased guarantee for representative organs of democracy.Although the rules of procedure are not directly applicable to the regulation of the rights and obligations of nationals,the organization,authority,and procedures of deliberative organs are directly related to the formation of laws and decisions,therefore,constitutions in many countries stipulate that representative organs may formulate their own rules and regulations whose designs are subject to the requirements applicable to legal documents.