某部2009-2018年肺结核发病趋势与防控策略

Epidemiological trends and prevention and control strategies of tuberculosis in the force from 2009 to 2018

目的研究某部2009-2018年肺结核发生规律及其影响因素,并根据结果提出防控对策。方法利用“军队突发公共卫生事件和传染病疫情报告信息系统”对2009-2018年某部所属医疗卫生机构的肺结核疫情资料进行统计,利用Excel统计软件对结果进行分析。结果2009-2018年共收到肺结核报告病例1670例,年发病率平均约0.42‰。某部9个区域单位中,沈阳、北京、南京、广州等区报告的病例数最多。在所有报告病例中,男性1572例,占94.13%,女性98例,占5.87%。干部380例,占22.75%,士兵1130例,占67.67%,其他人员160例,占9.58%。报告病例年龄呈偏态分布。结论某部肺结核发病因素主要与官兵保护力低下,部队的群体性及封闭性易造成疫情的扩散,基层防治肺结核的知识更新滞后,技术力量薄弱,以及部分官兵存在着吸烟等不良生活习惯有关。应从规范疫情监测,加强报告,重视新兵、新学员检疫工作,加强技术培训,提高应对能力,注重宣传教育,增强保护意识等方面提升肺结核防控效果。

Objective To analyze the epidemiology trend of tuberculosis(TB)in the unit from 2009 to 2018 and its influencing factors,and to propose prevention and control measures based on the results.Methods The“report information system of military public health emergencies and infectious diseases”was used to make statistics on the TB epidemic data of a medical and health institution in the unit from 2009 to 2018,and the Excel statistical software was used to analyze the results.Results From 2009 to 2018,a total of 1670 cases of TB were reported,with an average annual incidence of about 0.42‰.Among the 9 regional units,Shenyang,Beijing,Nanjing,Guangzhou Areas reported the most cases.Among all the reported cases,1572 cases were male(94.13%)and 98 cases were female(5.87%).There were 380 cadres,accounting for 22.75%,1130 soldiers,accounting for 67.67%,and 160 other personnel,accounting for 9.58%.The age distribution of reported cases was skewed.Conclusion The main factors of tuberculosis in the unit:low protection ability of soldiers and officers,the easily spread of the epidemic due to the popularity and closure of the army,the lag of knowledge updating of primary prevention and treatment of tuberculosis,the weak technical force,and some officers and soldiers have bad habits such as smoking.It is necessary to monitor the epidemic situation,strengthen the reporting work,attach great importance to the quarantine of new recruits and new trainees,strengthen technical training,improve coping capacity,pay attention to publicity and education,and enhance protection awareness to improve the prevention and control of tuberculosis.