点状型建设项目水土流失监测方法初探——以赣州黄金机场扩建工程为例

A Preliminary Study on Water and Soil Loss Monitoring Method for Spot-type Project as Airport Construction

机场建设属点状型工程且具有扰动面积大等特点,开展水土流失实地监测存在诸多困难.本文以赣州黄金机场扩建工程为例,通过选择各防治分区汇水出口作为监测点,于降雨期间测定各出口地表径流流速和流量,采用浊度仪测定径流携带的土壤流失量.监测结果表明:2018年,项目区产生径流87.3万m^3、径流系数为0.89;项目区因扰动地表等建设活动产生土壤流失1,524.8 t、侵蚀模数为2,609.1 t km^-2 a^-1.以地表径流汇集出口作为监测点并采用相应的观测方法,对监测实践具有一定的指导意义.

As a spot-type engineering,airport construction often leads to a large area surface intervention,hence challenging the monitoring for water and soil loss.The paper tends to discuss and find a better method to do the monitoring,based on 1-year in-situ test in the Ganzhou Airport Extension Project.The applied method was taking those outlets of various construction sites as observation point and measuring runoff as well as its contained soils via current meter and turbidity meter respectively.The result showed that within one year,the whole project construction produced a total runoff 873,000 m^3,with runoff coefficient 0.89;and a total soil loss 1,524.8t,with an estimated erosion modulus 2,609.1 km^-2 a^-1.The proposed new method could be conducive to erosion monitoring for construction projects in practice.