辽代帝陵考古发现与研究述略

A Review of the Archaeological Discoveries and Research on the Liao Emperors’ Mausoleums

辽代帝陵的研究工作肇始于晚清,可分为19世纪末至1949年、1949年至20世纪末、2000年至今三个阶段。2000年以来,辽代帝陵的考古调查和发掘工作取得了重要进展,成果卓著。关于陵寝制度和丧葬礼俗的研究集中在祖州石房子的功能,以及受契丹传统文化和唐宋中原文化影响方面;因研究方法上的突破,庆陵东陵陵主得以确定为辽圣宗;陪葬墓的分区和分期研究较为深入,"南、北二区""早、中、晚三期"的观点得到学界认可;对龟趺山建筑和黑龙门遗址营造工艺的研究丰富了辽代帝陵的研究方法,并取得重要成果。

The research on the mausoleums of the Liao dynasty started at end of the Qing dynasty and three phases can be discerned: 19th century to 1949;1949 to the end of 20th century;and from 2000 until the present. The archaeological surveys and excavations into the mausoleums of the Liao dynasty have made important progress and fruitful achievements have been made since 2000. Considering the mausoleum systems and funeral customs, the research mainly focused on the function of the stone house in Zuzhou and further discussion about the influence from the Khitan traditional culture and the Tang-Song culture of the Central Plain. The owner of the Yongqingling(Dongling) was confirmed to be the Emperor Shengzong of Liao due to the new methods employed by this study. Research was carried out into the distribution of the tombs and the developing phases of the mausoleums and a suggestion of northern and southern areas as well as three phases was recognised and agreed by many scholars in academia. A study on the construction technology of Guifushan monuments and Heilongmen site broadened the research contents and methods about these mausoleums of the Liao dynasty.