谈“跽坐俑”及其相关问题

A Terracotta Kneeling Figure and Related Issues

某些权威工具书和文博考古类的图书、展览中,常常把席地而坐时的正常坐姿"端坐"(正坐)误为"跽坐"。古人席地而坐,正常情况下的坐姿是两膝著地,臀部压在双脚后跟上,这就是坐,又称跪坐、正坐、端坐、安坐。在坐姿的基础上,把臀部抬起,腰部挺直,使大腿同上身成一条直线,两膝仍然贴在席上,称为"跽",又叫"长跽"。本文认为,"跽坐"就是"危坐",是与"安坐"对应的概念。秦汉时期,"跽坐"使用的场合大致有三:一是某人对另一人表敬时;二是某人应付突发状况时;三是驭手策马时。

In some influential reference books, or some books about museum and archeology, or even in some exhibitions, jizuo(kneeling) was confused with duanzuo(zhengzuo), seated normally on a mat. The sitting position for ancient Chinese people was normally putting two knees on a mat and sitting on two heels, in Chinese it was also called guizuo, zhengzuo, duanzuo, anzuo. When you lift your behind from the previous posture and straighten your waist to keep your body and thigh in a line, such a posture with knees still on the mat was called ji, or changji. This paper argued that jizuo is weizuo, and contrast with anzuo. During the Qin and Han period, jizuo(kneeling straight posture) was normally used in three situations: to show respect to others, to react to an alarming situation, or when the charioteer harnessed horses to gallop.