从技术体验到设计建造——以生土作为载体的建造教学探析

From Technology Experience to Design-Build——Analysis of the Construction Teaching with Raw Soil as Carrier

建筑学专业作为一门实践性很强的学科,随着课程改革的发展,建造类课程的重要性日益凸显,实体搭建活动在越来越多的学校得到开展,在诸多实体建造的材料中,生土无疑是另类而新奇的选择。作为一种低造价、可持续的生态材料,生土不仅在传统民居和历史建筑中广泛运用,在现代主义视角的实践中也得到了新的探索,而将之作为一种教学资源亦具有极大的可塑性和潜力。厦门大学嘉庚学院从2016年秋季学期开始,在建筑学专业开设“夯土工坊”课程,以夯土技术为核心,结合土坯和泥作等技术,指导学生熟悉生土材料和建造技巧,进而完成一系列真实尺度的实体建造。文章通过对相关建造概念和生土材料的分析,结合近几年学院所完成的建造教学成果进行引介,可供相关的教学参考与实践借鉴。

Architecture is a highly practical subject.With the development of curriculum reform,the importance of construction courses has become increasingly prominent.Entity building activities have been carried out in more and more schools.Raw soil is undoubtedly an alternative and novel choice among many materials for entity building.As a low-cost and sustainable ecological material,raw soil is not only widely used in traditional dwellings and historical buildings,but also has been explored in the practice from the perspective of modernism,It also has great plasticity and potential as a teaching resource.From the autumn semester of 2016,Xiamen University Tan Kah Kee College has offered a course of"Rammed Earth Workshop"in architecture major,which takes Rammed Earth technology as the core,Adobe Building and Mud Works technology to guide students to familiarize themselves with raw soil materials and construction techniques,and then complete a series of real-scale physical construction.Through the analysis of relevant construction concepts and raw soil materials,combined with the construction teaching achievements completed by the college in recent years,this paper can be used to provide useful reference for related teaching research and innovation practice.