基于“造法”权的国际体育组织软法治理研究

The Study on the Soft Law Governance of International Sports Organizations Based on the Power of Law-Making

从法律多元视角,以软法理论为法理基础,以权力与法律的关系为逻辑出发点,分析国际体育组织"造法"权与软法治理的内在逻辑关系,阐释国际体育组织软法治理理论的应然价值与现实意义。软法治理以其特有的理论优势成为国际体育治理的高级法律形态。国际体育组织软法治理有赖于国际体育组织制定规则的"造法"权,"造法"权的法律属性是全球公民社会中享有的自主立法权。国际体育组织"造法"权与软法治理存在耦合关系,"造法"权是实现软法之治的必要手段,软法之治是国际体育组织行使"造法"权的应然目标。国际体育组织软法之治的强制力主要通过自我约束机制、社会舆论监督机制、处罚和制裁机制以及利益驱动机制实现。国际体育组织的软法治理理论对于我国体育社会组织的法律治理做出有益的启示,我国体育社会组织的发展应与国际体育组织发展接轨,培养我国体育社会组织的软法环境,发挥体育社会组织的"造法"权,建立组织内部的软法体系,完善组织内部的处罚制度,通过软法治理实现我国体育社会组织的内部自治,建立新时代治理格局下软硬法共治的体育社会组织法律治理机制。

From the perspective of legal pluralism,taking the theory of soft law as the foundation of jurisprudence,taking the relationship between the power and the law as the logical starting point,this paper analyzes the inherent logical relationship between the making-law power and soft law governance of international sports organizations,which aims at expounding the due value and practical significance. With its unique theoretical advantages,soft law governance becomes the advanced legal form of international sports governance. The soft law governance of international sports organizations depends on the law-making power. The legal attribute of the law-making power is the autonomous legislative power enjoyed by the global civil society. There is a coupling relationship between the law-making power and the soft law governance in international sports organizations in that the law-making power is a necessary means to realize the soft law governance,and the soft law governance is an inevitable goal for international sports organizations to exercise the law-making power. The compulsory force of soft law governance of the international sports organizations is mainly realized through a self-restraint mechanism,public opinion supervision mechanism,punishment and sanction mechanism and interest driving mechanism. The soft law theory of international sports organizations makes useful enlightenment to the legal governance of sports social organizations in China. The development of sports social organizations in China should be in line with the development of international sports organizations,cultivate the soft law environment,develop the law-making power of the sports social organizations,establish the soft law system within the organization,improve the punishment system within the organization,realize the internal autonomy of the sports social organization through the soft law governance,and establish the legal governance mechanism of the sports social organization jointly governed by the soft-hard law under the pattern of governance in the new era.