乒乓球双打技战术八轮次三段法的构建与应用

Construction and Application of Eight-Round and Three-Stage Method in Table Tennis Doubles Techniques and Tactics

背景:2020年东京奥运会乒乓球项目加入了混双比赛,且在赛制方面将乒乓球团体比赛中双打场次提前,加之日、韩等国双打项目的崛起,对中国乒乓球队续写奥运辉煌成绩造成了极大的威胁。目的:创新乒乓球双打比赛技战术分析方法,为我国双打主力选手技战术诊断提供数据支撑,为中国乒乓球队双打项目备战2020年东京奥运会技战术科研提供有效方法,进一步丰富乒乓球项目理论体系。方法:运用文献资料、专家访谈、视频标注以及对比分析等方法,在传统双打三段法的基础上,结合双打比赛技战术特点,构建乒乓球双打技战术八轮次三段法,并以2017年德国公开赛樊振东、许昕组合对阵张本智和、木造勇人组合的比赛为例进行应用。结果:1)将"三段"与"八个轮次"融合,构建了包含"轮次""三段""技术细节"和"得失分"四层结构的八轮次三段法,明确了指标体系和评价参数。2)运用八轮次三段法对樊振东和许昕技战术进行诊断分析,整体而言,樊振东、许昕组合的薄弱环节体现在许昕发-木造勇人接、张本智和发-许昕接轮次;微观视角亦可发现,许昕存在接发球多为摆短,线路单一,易被对手进攻等需提升环节;樊振东存在第4板进攻质量不高易被张本反攻等需提升环节。3)八轮次三段法不仅可以将双打运动员看成一个整体进行研究,也可以对单个运动员的个人技战术表现特征进行细致的定量统计与分析,使得双打技战术诊断分析更全面、细致。结论:八轮次三段法是三段法的有益补充,在技战术统计方法上是一种创新,已成功应用于国家乒乓球队备战2020年东京奥运会男双、女双、混双项目比赛的技战术分析之中。

Background: The mixed doubles has been included in the table tennis events in the 2020 Tokyo Olympic Games,and the order of doubles in team competition is advanced. In addition,the rise of competitiveness in Japan and Korea poses a great threat to the Chinese Team to continue with her brilliant performance in the Olympic Games. Objective: To innovate the analytical method of techniques and tactics in table tennis doubles,provide data support for the technical and tactical diagnosis of the main doubles players in China,provide effective methods for the technical and tactical research of the Chinese Table Tennis team in preparation for the Olympic Games,and further enrich the theoretical system of the sport. Methods: Using the literature method,expert interview,video annotation,and comparative analysis,this paper introduced a new method named eight-round and three-stage based on the traditional three-stage method,and thoroughly examined its effectiveness by applying it to the doubles competition between Fan Zhendong,Xu Xin and Harimoto Tomokazu,Kizukuri Yuto in the 2017 German Open. Results:( 1) Combining the "three stages"with "eight rounds",this paper constructed an Eight-round and Three-stage Method including"rounds","three stages","technical details"and "gains and losses"and defined the index system and evaluation parameters;( 2) As a whole,the weak links of Fan Zhendong and Xu Xin were Xu Xin serve-Kizukuri reserve round and Harimoto serve-Xu Xin reserve round. From the micro perspective,Xu Xin and Fan Zhendong had some links that needed to be improved,such as Xu Xin,whose less changing in receiving made his reserve easily attacked by opponents;so as Fan Zhendong in the 4 th board offense;( 3) The Eight-round and Three-stage Method integrated eight rounds indicators with the traditional three-stage indicators,which can not only analyze doubles players as a whole,but also make detailed quantitative analysis of an individual player separately,thus making the analysis of doubles matches more comprehensive. Conclusion: The Eight-round and Three-stage Method is a valuable supplement to the three-stage method. It is an innovation and has been successfully applied to the national table tennis team in preparing for the games of men’s doubles,women’s doubles and mixed doubles in the 2020 Tokyo Olympic Games.