档案库房空气微生物物种精准鉴定与防治研究

Study on Accurate Identification and Control of Air Microbial Species in Archival Storage Rooms

受环境和气候的影响,不同地区档案库房空气微生物的种类不同,对不同库房消毒灭菌剂的敏感性和效果会存在一定差异。为精准了解青岛地区档案库房空气微生物的物种种类,本研究通过自然沉降法采集、培养、纯化了档案库房空气微生物,并采用宏基因组测序方法对微生物物种进行了精准鉴定。为有效治理档案库房空气的微生物污染,采用甲醛高锰酸钾化学熏蒸法,对微生物污染严重的库房进行了消毒处理。结果显示,青岛地区档案库房中存在多种微生物,包括真菌、细菌和病毒,其中含量前六十的微生物物种按"属"分类的真菌有6属,细菌有51属,病毒有3属;含量前六十的微生物物种按"种"分类的真菌有5种,细菌有54种,病毒有1种。通过甲醛高锰酸钾化学熏蒸消毒15小时后,库房空气真菌消亡率为59.1%,细菌消亡率为46.6%,效果显著。本研究为精准了解档案库房空气微生物物种种类及档案库房空气消毒灭菌提供了理论依据和实践参考。

Affected by the environment and climate,the types of airborne microorganisms in different archival storage rooms in different regions are different,and there may be some differences in the sensitivity and effect of different disinfectants.In order to accurately understand the species of airborne microorganisms in the archives of Qingdao,this study collected,cultured and purified the airborne microorganisms in the archival storage rooms through natural sedimentation,and used the metagenomic sequencing method to accurately identify the microbial species.In order to effectively control the microbial pollution of the air in the archival storage room,the warehouse with serious microbial contamination was disinfected by using formaldehyde permanganate chemical fumigation method.The results showed that there were many kinds of microorganisms in the archival storage rooms of Qingdao,including fungi,bacteria and viruses.Among the top 60 microbial genus,there were 6 genera of fungi,51 genera of bacteria and 3 genera of virus.Among the top 60 microbial species,there were 5 species of fungi,54 species of bacteria,and 1 species of virus.After 15 hours of chemical fumigation by formaldehyde potassium permanganate,the airborne fungus death rate in the archival storage room was 59.1%,and the bacterial death rate was 46.6%.This study provides a research and theoretical basis for accurate understanding of airborne microbial species in archival storage room and in air disinfection and sterilization of archives.