国际贫民幼儿教育的成功经验及其借鉴意义--蒙台梭利的“儿童之家”

The Successful Experience of International Preschool Education for the Poor and the Lesson to Learn from It: the Case of “Children’s House” of Montessori

意大利教育家玛莉亚·蒙台梭利(Maria Montessori)所创办的"儿童之家"教育实验,以贫民幼儿为对象,以尊重儿童、促进儿童身心和谐发展为教育理念,建立严格科学的时空管理制度以及基于自由和工作的自觉纪律;建设具有母性之美的教育环境,开展身心健康教育、生活技能训练、感觉训练、智力教育等教育活动,迈出了家庭教育社会化的第一步,使学龄前儿童在竞争激烈的工业社会中有了良好的成长,在世界范围内有着深远的影响;对我国当前工业化、城镇化、信息化、精准扶贫背景下的幼儿教育具有借鉴意义。

The "Children’s House" educational experiment founded by the Italian educator Maria Montessori, taking the poor children as the object, with the educational concept of respecting children, promoting the harmonious development of children’s mind and body, establishes strict system of scientific time and space management and conscious discipline based on freedom and work. By building an educational environment with maternal beauty, it has carried out educational activities such as physical and mental health education, life skills training, sensory training, intellectual education, etc., so as to take the first step of socializing family education enabling preschool children to grow well in a highly competitive industrial society, which has exerted a profound influence worldwide. In addition, it will be of reference to preschool education in the context of China’s current industrialization, urbanization, informatization, and precision poverty alleviation.