哺乳期母亲营养与乳汁成分及乳汁菌群结构的研究

肠道菌群被称为“人体最大的器官”,在消化吸收、内分泌、免疫等多方面发挥重要作用。肠道菌群的建立是近年来研究人类健康与疾病关系的热点,新生儿肠道菌群的建立受很多因素的影响,喂养方式是其中最主要的因素之一。研究表明,母乳中不仅含有细菌,而且可能是新生儿“肠道菌群”得以正常建立的主要来源。另外,母乳营养成分直接影响新生儿微生物群的构建,其中人乳低聚糖(human milk oligosaccharides,HMOs)组成成分的个体间差异可能是重要的影响因素之一。哺乳期妇女的营养状态可能影响乳汁的营养成分,其中包括HMOs的结构和含量。本文通过研究母体饮食结构、母乳成分和婴儿肠道菌群之间的相互影响,从而更好地了解人乳的特殊生理功能,以期指导哺乳期妇女饮食、改善婴儿肠道健康状况。现就哺乳期母亲营养与乳汁成分及乳汁菌群结构进行综述。

Intestinal flora is referred to as"the largest organ of the human body",plays an important role in many aspects such as digestion,absorption,endocrine and immune.The establishment of the intestinal flora has become a hot spot in the study of the relationship between human health and diseases in recent years.The establishment of the neonatal intestinal flora is affected by many factors,feeding way is one of the most important factors.It’s reported that breast milk not only contain bacteria,but it may also be the main source of normal intestinal flora in newborns,according to the study.In addition,the nutritional composition of breast milk directly affects the construction of neonatal microbiota,and the interindividual difference in the composition of human milk oligosaccharides(HMOs)may be one of the important factors.The nutritional status of lactating women may affect the nutritional composition of breast milk,including the structure and content of HMOs.This paper studies the interaction between maternal diet,breast milk composition and intestinal flora of infants,so as to better understand the special physiological functions of human milk,furthermore,to guide the diet of lactating women and improve the intestinal health of infants.This paper reviews the nutrition and milk composition of lactating mothers and the structure of milk bacteria.