复合型遗产的管理——预防性和计划性保护在意大利蒙扎皇家别墅和公园项目中的运用

Complex Properties Management:Preventive and Planned Conservation Applied to the Royal Villa and Park in Monza

关于预防性和计划性保护在蒙扎皇家别墅和公园中运用的案例,是基于蒙扎和布里安扎文化区(MonzaandBrianzaCultural District)总体框架下的一个试点项目。蒙扎皇家别墅和公园项目是近年来由公共机构和私人团体共同推进下的计划性保护和适度利用⑥活动中的典型代表。该试点项目在蒙扎皇家别墅和公园保护活动所开展的案例分析基础上,对前期相关数据和信息进行收集,通过建立建成文化遗产保护的信息系统,对保护计划的各个组成部分(包括技术手册、保护方案、经济预算以及用户手册)进行设计和后期有效管理。同时也对蒙扎皇家别墅和公园的建成环境进行了分析,尤其关注位于蒙扎公园的每栋特定历史建筑。该项目实施的评估工作是在"上游投资"⑦理论框架内进行的。该研究强调了整合方法的重要性、为建立以事实为基础的政策而对所收集数据实施共享的必要性以及提升相关专业人士和决策者技能的必要性。该研究项目的价值体现在保护方法的进步、将保护和适度利用理解为预防性活动、私有经济模式下维护工作的有效性、优秀案例的宣传以及当地利益相关者间关系网的创建等方面。

Purpose–The paper will present the case study of preventive and planned conservation applied to the Royal Villa and Park of Monza,which is one of the pilot projects within the general framework of Monza and Brianza Cultural District.Starting from an in-depth analysis of the Royal Villa,which represents a recent conservation and valorisation intervention developed by both public and private subjects,the purpose of this paper is to define an operative model for the management of complex properties,at communicating good practices for the maintenance of the built heritage and at identifying the priorities for the interventions.Design/methodology/approach–The research project foresaw a first collection of data and information related to the previous conservation activities executed upon the case study,the design of a conservation plan in all its parts(technical handbook,conservation programme,economic budget,user handbook)through an information system dedicated to the conservation of built cultural heritage,and its fulfilment.In the meantime,a context analysis of the Royal Villa and Park of Monza was developed,with a specific attention to the diversified historical buildings located in the park.Findings–The action research carried out has been evaluated in the framework of upstream perspective theories.This enabled to highlight the importance of an integrated approach;of the need of sharing the collection of data in order to set up evidence-based policies;and of the need to enhance the skills of involved professionals and decision makers.Originality/value–A progress in protection measures,the understanding of conservation and valorization as preventive activities,effectiveness of private business models for maintenance,dissemination of good practices,and creation of a network of local stakeholders.