《南印度洋渔业协定》管理措施的新进展及我国的应对策略

New Progress in Management Measures of the South Indian Ocean Fisheries Agreement and China’s Response Strategies

印度洋海域是世界渔业的主要作业渔场之一。为管理和养护南印度洋渔业资源,自《南印度洋渔业协定(the Southern Indian Ocean Fisheries Agreement,SIOFA)》生效以来,该组织颁布了16项渔业管理措施,并持续更新。目前,我国鲜有文章对其进行研究。为稳定和拓展我国在南印度洋上的渔业空间,保障我国远洋渔业的权益,密切跟踪南印度洋渔业组织的最新管理动态和履约要求,阐述了组织构架、最新管理措施对我国的影响、目前协定区域的渔情渔况及资源评估状况,为我国适时加入该组织提供参考。研究结果表明,在2019年7月第六次缔约方大会上,SIOFA修订了临时管理底层渔业的养护管理措施,数据收集、报送、验证和交换标准,捕鱼授权和通知养护管理措施,渔业监控养护管理措施4项养护管理措施。新增有关公海登检(high seas boarding and inspection procedures)、降低海鸟兼捕量(the mitigation of seabird bycatch)、底层鲨鱼(management of sharks)、底层鱼种管理(management of demersal stocks)与修正保护区和生态系统工作组工作职责(amendment terms of reference for the PAEWG or new CMM)的5项新养护管理措施。截至目前,该组织设立了Atlantis bank、Coral feature、Fool’s flat feature、Middle of What feature、Walter’s Shoal feature 5个保护区,对金眼鲷(alfonsino)、胸棘鲷(orange roughy)和犬牙鱼(Patagonian toothfish)等底层鱼种初步进行了资源评估,其中,胸棘鲷评估结果为尚未过度捕捞,金眼鲷和犬牙鱼还未完成评估。该渔业组织的管理措施与我国相比较更严谨、更全面,我国作业渔船应当严格遵守该渔业组织的管理要求。目前,该组织还在不断完善相关养护和管理措施,尽早加入该组织才能有助于我国远洋渔业持续、健康、有序地发展,体现国际影响和负责任渔业国家形象。

The Indian Ocean is one of the main fishing grounds in the world.Since〈the Southern Indian Ocean Fisheries Agreement(SIOFA)〉came into force,the organization has enacted 16 fisheries management measures that have been continuously updated to manage and conserve fisheries in the Southern Indian Ocean.At present,there are few studies on it in our country.This paper closely tracked the latest management trends and implementation requirements of the Southern Indian Ocean Fisheries Organization.It expounded the organizational framework,the impact of the latest management measures on China,the current fishing situation and resource assessment status of the agreement area,so as to provide references for China to join the organization in due course.The research results showed that,at the sixth conference of the parties in July 2019,SIOFA revised conservation management measures for interim management of bottom fisheries;standards for data collection,submission,verification and exchange;fishing authorization and notification of conservation and management measures;fishery monitoring,conservation and management measures.Five new conservation and management measures had been added to cover the duties of high seas boarding and inspection procedures,the mitigation of seabird bycatch,management of sharks,management of demersal stocks,and amendment terms of reference for the PAEWG or new CMM.Up to now,the group had set up five reserves,including Atlantis bank,Coral feature,Fool’s flat feature,Middle of What feature,and Walter’s Shoal feature,to evaluate the resources of bottom-fish species,such as alfonsino,orange roughy,and Patagonian toothfish.However,the results of alfonsino evaluation had not been overfished.Orange roughy and P.toothfish had not been evaluated.The management measures of this fishery organization were more rigorous and comprehensive than those of China,while Chinese fishing boats shall strictly comply with the management requirements of this fishery organization.At present,the organization is still improving relevant conservation and management measures.Joining the organization as soon as possible will be helpful for the sustainable,healthy and orderly development of China’s deep-sea fishery,and reflect the international influence and image of a responsible fishery country.