《汉志·诸子略》著录汉代纵横家考论

The Textual Research on the Han Dynasty Strategists in Hanzhi Zhuzilue

纵横家是一个特定时期的产物,失去了特殊的生存环境,便会退出历史舞台。相较于战国时期的纵横策士,汉代纵横家的身份属性发生了转变,游说色彩大大减弱,对君主的依附性逐渐增强,汉代纵横家从纵横捭阖、游说君主的倾危之士变为上书进言、讨论世务的治世能臣。同时基于汉代纵横家著作中包含的战国文风以及《汉志》保留《七略》原始记载的情况,记载汉代学术发展过程,保留特殊的文化现象等因素,班固将汉代纵横家归于“纵横家”一类。而且将纵横家的根源追溯到“行人之官”,肯定纵横家应对四方、出使专对的才能和言辞,但以维护汉朝稳固为准则,对纵横之士“利口之覆邦家”的做法表示反感和担忧,体现了班固客观的纵横家观。

The political strategist is a product of specific period who will withdraw from the stage of history without the special environment.Compared with the strategists in the Warring States period,the identity attribute of the strategists in the Han Dynasty has changed,the role of lobbying has been greatly weakened,and the dependence on the monarch has been gradually strengthened.So the strategists in the Han Dynasty transform from pillar scholars who maneuver among various political forces and lobby rulers to capable officials who submit written statements to authorities and discuss the world affairs.At the same time,based on the Han Dynasty strategists’writings and the original records of the Seven Strategies retained in Hanzhi,with recording of the Han Dynasty’s academic development process and retaining special cultural phenomena as well as other factors,Ban Gu attributed the strategists in the Han Dynasty to political strategies.Moreover,this article traces the root of the strategists back to the“Travelling Officials”and confirms the special talents and words of dealing with other kingdoms.But by maintaining the stability of Han Dynasty,Ban Gu expressed his worry that the strategists’speech may harm the empire,which reflects Ban Gu’s view on strategists.