参与者的生命度与状态变化事件的句法配置

Animacy of Participants and Grammatical Configuration of State-change Event

投射理论和构式理论分别从词汇和句法两个角度探究了决定句法实现的语义因素。然而,通过对语料库的定量考察,本文发现,在主宾语的语义类型和配置模式上,英汉状态变化事件还遵循着生命度等级的基本要求。由此可见,此类事件的句法实现不仅受制于动词的语义结构和相关的构式意义,还与参与者密切相关。因为,除了语用因素和致使关系,参与者的生命度不仅制约着此类事件的主宾位序,还影响着其语态和句式的选用。此外,本研究还进一步证明了“生命度”在英汉语中的跨语言特性。

Projectionist and constructionist approach attempt to semantically discover the determining factors of syntactic realization from lexicon and syntax,respectively.However,quantitative analyses of corpus show that English and Chinese statechange events generally abide by basic orders of animacy in semantic types and configuration patterns of their subject and object.Therefore,syntactic realization of state-change events is not only determined by the semantic structure of verbs and relevant construction meaning,but closely related to the animacy of participants for it not only affects the orders of their subject and object,but restricts the choices of their voices and sentence patterns,besides certain pragmatic factors and causative relations.Furthermore,the paper proves the cross lingual nature of“animacy”in English and Chinese.